(bO FORESTRY OF NORWAY. 



lower lying regions of the south. In the midst of hazels, 

 elms, limes, and other broad-leaved trees, one often meets 

 with a rich boreal flora, and this equally with the former 

 has a uniform character. A group which approximates 

 the boreal flora, but which is very distinct in its develop- 

 ment, is the sub-bortal flora. In all the lowest lying parts 

 of eastern Norway there is found from the level of the 

 sea to an altitude of from 300 to 500 metres, and princi- 

 pally on the calcareous and dry schistose mountains of 

 the Silurian formation, numerous species of plants which 

 are neither met with in the higher regions nor on the 

 west sides of the mountains. 



' Further, the Norwegian flora has three other distinct 

 groups of plants which depend on the humidity and on 

 the climate of the coast. One of these, the Sub-Artie, is 

 developed in the shady valleys there, and on the mountain 

 expanses, kept moist by the melting of the neves. There 

 prevail the Archangelica afficmalis, the Mulgedium alpinum, 

 the Aconitum septeiitrionale, the Ranunculus aconitifolius, 

 the Valeriana sambuzifolia, the Struthiopteris germanica^ and 

 many other plants. These have no dread of the coast. 



' The second, the Atlantic group, seeks by preference the 

 humid districts of the littoral of Bergen. It comprises 

 the Ilex, the Digitalis, the Erica cinerea, the Bunium flexuosum, 

 the Hymenophyllum Wilsoni, the Hyperichum palchrum, the 

 Polystichum oriopteris, and many others. 



1 The third, the Sub-Atlantic group, affects by perference 

 the lowest lying districts and the most southern of the 

 diocese of Christiansand. It comprises the Oentiana 

 pneunwnanthe, the Sanguiwrba officinalis, the Petasites alba, 

 the Teucirum scorodonia. 



' The Norwegian flora, it thus appears, is composed of 

 many groups of plants, each of which group is composed 

 of species which have a somewhat, and pretty striking 

 analogous development. But the species constituting these 

 groups are never met with intermixed ; and one may find in 

 the same district, for example, near Christiania, which has 

 a flora very rich in these representatives of the greater 



