160 FORESTRY OF NORWAY. 



Christiania fiord, the one in an almost direct line from 

 Moss to Fredrickshald, the other in a line almost direct 

 from Horten to a little below Larvick; the two form 

 nearly equal angles with the direction of the Christiania 

 fiord. Their lengths, about 45 kilometres, are also pretty 

 nearly the same. But the striae produced by erosion 

 show that these are two separate terminal moraines. The 

 eastern moraine was formed by the continental ice coming 

 from what is now the forest land of the Folloberge and 

 Smalene ; the second has been formed by ice coming from 

 the Skrimsfjelde. The great roads of the kingdom tra- 

 verse these ancient moraines, which supply excellent 

 material for the construction of them. 



Small moraines may be seen in a line almost direct 

 between Droebak and the south end of the Lake Oieren, 

 at the end of Mandalsvand, near Christiania, at five kilo- 

 metres from Christiania, across the railway to the Miosen 

 lake, in some places through the valley of Lier ; at the 

 waterfall of Yestfoss, in Eker, fifteen kilometres beyond 

 Drammen, on the low lands of Jsederen, and near to 

 many of the West fiords. Some banks of sand and rounded 

 stones have a great resemblance to moraines, but are not 

 such. They have been deposited, on the contrary, under 

 the surface of the sea ; the round stones do not present 

 themselves pell-mell, as stones do in moraines, but in 

 regular beds. One of these connects the Drammen fiord 

 with Svelvik; higher up, near the Dramselv, a similar 

 bank may be seen of more strange outline, and still higher, 

 between Drammen and the waterfall of Vestfoss, the Ryg- 

 kollen forms a third. 



The debris of moraines of the glacial period often cover 

 great areas on the mountains. Erratic deposits, and trans- 

 ported blocks, both great and small, are scattered every- 

 where high and low on the summits of very high moun- 

 tains, but not, however, on the highest. Thus they are 

 found on many mountain summits on the borders of the 

 Jotunfjelde, in Valders, and in Grunbrandsdal, but not on 

 the highest of these mountains. These erratic deposits 



