SHIPBUILDING AND SHIPPI 



In. general, the captain holds a share 

 sometimes he is sole owner; and the great( 

 shipowners are old captains, well acquainted 

 ships should be, and what ships should do. 



Captains a?nd mates of vessels sailing to foreign ports 

 must undergo an examination in navigation, and must 

 have served a certain time as seamen. There are 15 

 navigation schools maintained by the State, or by com- 

 munes. From 1871 to 1876, upon an average 1432 candi- 

 dates presented themselves for examination. The Nor- 

 wegian seamen are generally skilful and well-behaved, and 

 the country is proud of them. Many Norwegian seamen 

 serve in foreign vessels, more especially those of Great 

 Britain, and of the United States of America. 



Dr Broch gives a tabulated statement of the annual 

 consumption of victuals in the State hospital in Chris- 

 tiania, in the workmen's economic dining halls in 

 Christiania, in the Royal navy, in the merchant navy, 

 and in the army, in camp and in garrison. From this it 

 appears that the diet in the mercantile navy is very satis- 

 factory the consumption of butter is astounding : it is 

 given as 26 kogren per annum. 



The census of 1865 gives the following as the numbers 

 of persons main?y occupied with navigation : 



Heads of Other Members Domestics. 

 Family. of Family, 



In Towns, . . 13,386 21,613 1,835 



In Country Districts, 17,647 20,171 1,947 



In whole Kingdom, . 31,033 41,834 3,782 



Or a total of 76,649 persons, equal to 4*5 per cent, of 

 the entire population. 



By Dr Broch there is given the number of strandings 

 and of shipwrecks which have occurred on different parts 

 of the coast ; the total number of these ; and the number 



