56 



SOME TYPES OF BRITISH WOODLANDS. 



The following diagram will further illustrate this : 



NUMBER OF COUPE, OR YEAR WHEN IT WILL BE CUT IN EACH 

 ROTATION or 20 YEARS. 



No. 



WEST. 



Age. 



EAST. 



No. 

 WEST. 



Age. 



EAST 



Age of Wood at the Commencement of each Rotation. 



In this way each block of the wood will contain young, 

 middle-aged and old coppice, and have three years' complete 

 rest. Whenever it is practicable, the coupes should be so 

 arranged that the cuttings proceed against the prevailing 

 wind direction, leaving a shelter-belt on the east and north 

 edges of the wood against cold winds. 



Number and Distribution of Standards. The third question 

 to be decided is the number and distribution of the standards. 

 The number depends, of course, on the quality of the locality, 

 the species, and the size of timber which it is proposed to 

 grow. Under any circumstances, the ages of the standards 

 must be multiples of the rotation of the underwood whenever 

 cutting comes round ; that is to say, in our example, coupe 

 No. 1 would contain standards aged 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ... 

 years old, of which the youngest form part of the underwood, 

 until cutting has actually taken place. 



The number of standards in the several age-classes must 

 form a falling series, in other words there must be more 

 standards in the 20 years old class than in the 40 years class, 



