The Rev 



EDITED BY 



EVIEWS 



HENRY STEAD. 



AUGUST, 1913. 



THE PROGRESS OF THE WORLD. 



The Bulgarian Debacle. 



War broke out between the Allies in 

 Julv. Servia, Greece and Montenegro 

 refusing to abide by the terms of the 

 pre-war treaty, flung themselves upon 

 Bulgaria, and forced her armies back 

 from the wide territory they were oc- 

 rupving. Caught at a disadvantage, the 

 Bulgarians appear to have been out- 

 flanked everywhere, and fled a demoral- 

 ised rabble back to their own country. 

 It has not been long before Bulgaria 

 has had to go through the experience 

 she gave Turkey. When the Bul- 

 garians, armed with Creusot guns, 

 manufactured in France, crushed the 

 Turks, who had placed their reliance on 

 Krupp's German cannon, European 

 critics were loud in their assertion that 

 the French ordnance was largely re-, 

 sponsible. These experts are now as 

 dumb as the abandoned guns of the Bul- 

 garians. Whv is it that the invincible 

 Bulgars, the "Japs, of the Balkans," 

 have fled in headlong rout before their 

 quondam allies? It is difficult yet to 

 judge, but it must be borne in mind 

 that the army of Tsar Ferdinand, which 

 has been held up as a bright and shin- 

 ing example by every man who has 

 been preaching conscription in Eng- 



land, consists of practically all the able- 

 bodied men of Bulgaria. The long war 

 has ruined the majority of them; they 

 have been clamouring for months to be 

 sent home, and obviously the whole 

 army is in a state of ferment. After 

 countless sacrifices the soldiers have 

 come through victorious. To have to 

 ftght all over again was more than 

 human nature could stand. The Ser- 

 vians and Greeks on the other hand did 

 not have to bear the brunt of the fight- 

 ing with Turkey. Their troops were 

 less exhausted, and, above all, neither 

 Greece nor Servia had been obliged, 

 like Bulgaria, to put the last man in 

 the field. 



Roumania in Control. 



We have as yet no very definite data 

 to go upon, but obviously the Bulgarian 

 plan of campaign was so bad that 

 the great Generalissimo SavoflF refused 

 to take charge and resigned. Caught 

 between Greeks and Servians, spread 

 over a long frontier, the Bulgarians 

 once defeated seem to have lost heart, 

 and to have been kept on the run al- 

 most to the gates of Sofia. That 

 Austria is largel}- responsible for the 

 present conflict is certain. It is to her 



