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The Review of Reviews. 



October 1, 1906. 



THE CHURCH QUARTERLY REVIEW. 



The July number opens with a paper entitled " Back 

 to the Land,'' which urges the municipality to exer- 

 cise a stringent control over the expansion of its bor- 

 ders, the encouragement of industries in rural or 

 semi-rural districts, the application of co-operative 

 methods to agriculture, better housing for the la- 

 bourers, and compulsoi-y labour colonies for habitual 

 vagrants. A review of Archbishop Temple's Life de- 

 scribes his character as simple and strong. " Rugged, 

 self-sacrificing, tender, true, he is a subject, in his 

 massive grandeur, fit for the chisel of Michael An- 



felo." Professor Margoliouth's interpretation of Mu- 

 ammad is pronounced a failure, too much and too 

 little being made of Muhammed. Mnhammed was not 

 as clever as the Professor suggests, but is declared to 

 be much greater. " 'Whatever Muhammed was or was 

 not, he must have been real." The story of James 

 Redfem, who sprang from a poor Derbyshire stone- 

 mason's son to be one of the most eminent Anglican 

 sculptors, is pleasantly told. The oth©r articles are 

 chiefly of interest to the technical reader. 



THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS. 



Tho chief paper of current interest in the July num- 

 ber is that by James Oliphant on Moral Instruction, 

 which has been quoted elsewhere. The longest paper 

 is a criticism of Mr. Moore's treatment of Hedonism 

 by Miss E. E. C. Jones, Girton College. Rudimentary 

 survivals of earlier stages of morality are vigorously 

 dealt with by Max Forrester Eastman, who exposes 

 patriotism as a primitive ideal, to be made entirely 

 subordinate to the larger considerations of jvistice ani 

 humanity, and by Mr. H. S. Salt, who, under the 

 beading, "The Sportsman at Bay," riddles the argu- 

 ments advanced in favour of sport. Mr. Stanton Coit 

 urges that Positivists, instead of contenting them- 

 selves with saying that "humanity is the supreme 

 being," should say, what is implied", that '' humanity 

 is God." Charles F. Dole, Boston, vindicates the 

 constructive character of conscience, the urgency of 

 which, he says, arises out of the depths of the greater 

 Life. This Journal shows more and more how difficult 

 it is for morality to exist save as "touched with 

 emotion." 



C. B. FRY'S MAGAZINE. 



Fry's ilagazinr is always an out-of-door number, 

 and fitly falls in with Northern holidays. A uni(|ue 

 canoe trip across England from Kingston to the 

 bevern, and back by the Avon and Kennet, is vividly 

 described by Mr. R. K. Burt, and is set forth in a 

 succession of twenty-five small photographs. Canoe 

 trips of this order we hear of in Canada and on the 

 Danube. It is pleasant to be reminded of what store 

 of delight can he afi'orded anywhere liy means of 

 the canoe. Baseball, of which we read so much in 

 American prints, is interpreted bv Mr. J. Sharp as 

 being merely the scientific development of the old 

 schoolboy pastime of rounders. Scullincr for girls is 

 given prominence by C. E. Thomas. He rightly ad- 

 vises ladies who wish to race in skiffs to visit 'their 

 doctors first. He has, however, not known any .seri- 

 ous liarm come to any woman through sculling. 

 Mr C. B. Fry describes with illuminative comments 

 and action photographs certain feats in fielding. 



N. H. Alcock and Mr. Vf. G. Freeman. The funda- 

 mental idea of the editors is thus stated: — 



Specialisation and the multiplication of scientific and 

 technical journals render it increasingly difficult, even for 

 those actually engaged in scientific work, to keep abreast 

 of the advance of knowledge and the trend of thought in 

 more than that portion of their own subject to wliich their 

 attention is especially directed. The difficulty ia much 

 greater for that larger public which, although not avowedly 

 scientific, is interested in science and desirous of obtain- 

 ing reliable information in not too technical language re- 

 garding the results of recent research, the problems which 

 are awaiting or are in course of solution, and the inter- 

 relations between pure science and practice. It will be 

 the main endeavour in the new journal, as in the old. to 

 present summaries, as far as possible of a non-technical 

 character, of important recent work in any branch of 

 science, to show the progress achieved, and if possible to 

 indicate something of the line along which furtlier ad- 

 vance is to be made towards the desired end. 



SOME SUBJECTS DEALT WITH. 

 The range of articles in the first number is very 

 wide. Insect-pests and their dissemination, the gold- 

 fields of Austraha, recent experiments with chloro- 

 form, and the teaching of natural science in school, 

 are only a few of the many subjects dealt with. The 

 writer on Chloroform arrives at the following cheer- 

 ful conclusion : — " Unless the recent researches on 

 chloroform anaesthesia are entirely misleading, the ad- 

 ministration of mixtures of low "concentration should 

 render cases of sudden heart failure the rarest of ac- 

 cidents." Incidentally we learn that a rat breathes 

 211 times every minute, and a cat only twenty-five 

 times. Scii'nm Progress would do well to offer Prince 

 Krapotkin a leading position on its staff, and employ 

 a man from the street to blue-pencil every passage in 

 the articles sent in which is unintelligible to him and 

 his brethren. 



SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



A new quarterly appeared last month under the title 

 -Sfjenee Prnmess in the Twnfieth Crnfury. It is pub- 

 lished by Mr. John Murray at ns.. and edited by Mr. 



THE INDEPENDENT REVIEW. 



The August number offers a substantial bill of fare, 

 and mosrt of the articles have claimed separate notice. 



THE GERMAN CIVIL, CODE. 

 Mr. F. W. Maitland tells the story of the making 

 of the German Civil Code. He traces" the stages from 

 1874, when a commission of eleven lawyers was ap- 

 pointed, who spent thirteen years over their work. 

 A second commission was appointed iu 1888. contain- 

 ing representatives not merely of law, but of com- 

 merce, industry and agriculture. On this was based 

 the third project, laid in 1896 by the Federal Council 

 before the Reichstag Mr. Maitland is moved with 

 admiration of the Parliamentary virtue, which in six 

 months passed a code of 2385 sections. It came into 

 force in 1900. He says : — 



Never, I should think, has so much flrst-rate brain power 

 been put into an act of legislation; and never I should 

 think, has a nation so thoroughly said its say about its 

 system of law. Yet there was less talk in the Eeichstag 

 over a Civil Code of 2385 sections, than there will be talk 

 in Parliament over this Education Bill. 



Even Fiench lawyers admit the superiority of the 

 German to the French Code, and Japan has largely 

 followed, and borrowed from, the German Code. The 

 writer observes sardonically that some time or other 

 we may be able to boiTow the Japanese Code — ra- 

 tional, coherent, modeni — to replace our legal chaos. 



The origin of the mariner's compass in China is dis- 

 cussed in the Mnnist by Friedrich Hirth. He assumes 

 that the magnetic needle was seen by Arab traders on 

 the coast of China in the hands of geomancers, but it 

 was applied by them to navigation, and was then 

 brought back to China as the mariner's compass, 

 rhere is a legend of "south-pointing chariots" reach- 

 ing back 2500 years before Jesus Christ. 



