3i6 



The Review of Reviews. 



CHRIST V. PAUL AND I'ETER. 



TiiL- lilurg)-, too, has been revised in harmony with 

 the Christian conscience of the twentieth century. 

 Pasteur Paul Vallotton, of Lausanne, who has pre- 

 pared a new marriage Hturgy, points out how Christ, 

 in speaking of marriage, never says a word about the 

 subordination of the wife. He is always full of respect 

 and deference, and even indulgence towards women. 

 The liturgies which proclaim the duty of the wife's 

 submission to her husband merely corroborate the 

 doctrines of the apostles Paul and Peter, and not the 

 teaching of Christ. 



WOMEN'S SOCIAL SETTLEMENTS. 



The most important article in the Windsor Magazine 

 for September is that by Miss Alice Stronach on 

 Woman's Work in Social Settlements. 



CH.\RACTER OF THE WORK. 



Miss Stronach quotes Canon Barnett's saying that 

 " a settlement's distinguishing feature is the absence 

 of programme, and the presence of men and women 

 who recognise the obligations of citizenship." An 

 American settlement offers as a definition of such 

 colonies " a group of men and women who choose to 

 live in the less favoured districts of our cities, that 

 they and their neighbours may share what is best in 

 their lives." One feature seems essential, adds Miss 

 Stronach — " the settlers should be founders of a home 

 in the midst of those whom they desire to befriend — 

 a home in the back blocks of our great cities." While 

 the settlement idea was originated by men, it is largely 

 to women that it owes its later development. The 

 care of children and the nursing of the sick form a 

 large part of the work, and in all ages the greater share 

 in the training of children and sick-nursing has been 

 done by women. Other work includes the institution 

 or management of benefit societies, savings-banks, 

 juvenile labour exchanges, school clubs, health societies, 

 district nurses, dispensaries, play centres, holiday 

 schools, clubs for girls, etc. 



HOW THE IDEA HAS SPREAD. 



To enumerate all the .settlements founded and run 

 entirely by women in London and in our provincial 

 cities would be no easy task, 'i'he article deals with 

 women's settlements in London only. The pioneer is 

 the Women's University Settlement in Nelson Square. 

 Southwark, founded about twenty-five vears ago. 'I'he 

 students of Lady .Margaret Hall, Oxford, have a settle- 

 ment at Lambeth, the Chellenham College students 

 and the Oxford House ladies work in Bclhnal Green, 

 the Presbyterians arc in the East India Dock Road, 

 the Congregationalists are at Canning Town, the 

 Wcsleyans are at Bermondscy, and the Catholics are 

 in .several districts in East London. Another important 

 settlement where men and women work side l)y side 

 is Browning Hall, Walworth. In addition, there are 

 settlements provided by girls of high .schools. Of 

 settlements which are reallv modernised sisterhoods. 



the College of Grey Ladies, with whom the Brown 

 Ladies recently joined forces, is the best known. At 

 Highbury another group of Church women have 

 formed a settlement. 



About fourteen years ago Miss Honor Morten 

 started a centre for social work in the Nile Street 

 district, but the little settlement is now only a memory. 

 Here, however, the pioneer school nurse began the 

 work, which has resulted in the school nurse becoming 

 a permanent institution in poorer schools. Of the 

 other London settlements mention may be made of 

 the Passmore Edwards Settlement in Tavistock Place, 

 inspired by the imagination of Mrs. Humphry Ward. 

 In the lu.xurious hostel of this settlement residence is 

 only permitted to men, although it has been stated 

 that the greater share of the work is done by women. 

 Almost everywhere in London the woman's settlement 

 exists, and from London the movement has spread to 

 the provinces — Manchester, Liverpool, Glasgow. 



WOMEN'S TRADE UNIONS IN FRANCE. 



In the August number of the Revue Ghurale A. 

 Pawlowski has an article, " Women's Trade Unions 

 in France." 



In 1908, according to statistics, 116,652 women had 

 joined professional syndicates or trade unions. Of 

 this number only a very small proportion belonged to 

 unions for women alone. Since the. number of women 

 earning their living in 1906 amounted to nearly five 

 millions, the proportion of women who have joined 

 trade unions is remarkably small. The French working 

 women, says the wTiter, are still very ignorant as to 

 their rights and their interests. 



THE SOUI. OF THE MOVEMENT. 



Under the law of 188,4, Pere Du Lac founded in 

 1892 a mixed women's trade union, composed of 

 workers and employers. But the soul of the move- 

 ment has been Mile. L. Rochebillard. She repudiated 

 the mixed union of workers and employers, except 

 the small emploxers with less than five workers, 

 realising that the interests of the small employers 

 were not very different from those of their girl-workers, 

 whereas the interests of the large emplovers are 

 naturally very different from those of their employees. 

 At Lyons she founded trade unions of needlewomen 

 and of women silk-workers, with happy results. Other 

 provincial cities followed her exanijjle, and in Paris 

 various unions were created. They were mostly of the 

 Catholic denomination, only a few being undenomina- 

 tional, but the aims of all of them are professional, 

 economic, and social and moral. Those connected 

 with the Confederation of Labour believe in a class 

 struggle which will bring about the emancipation of 

 the workers ; the free associations desire to establish 

 an understanding between capital and labour. 



COUNTERACTING SWEATING. 



,\ll action of the women's unions being strictly 

 professional, courses of training, educational and 



