340 



The Review of 'Reviews. 



THE DOUKHOBORS AN IDEAL 

 COMMUNITY. 



In Chambers's journal Mr. J. T. Beall)y describes 

 the Doukhobors in I^ritish Columbia. They refused 

 to supply the census authorities with information 

 because they feared that the Canadian Government 

 wanted to enrol them for military service. They 

 object to bear arms for any purpose whatever. They 

 refuse to eat the flesh of any animal which has been 

 killed for that purpose, or to wear its skin or hair or 

 wool. They own all property in common ; there is 

 no private property. They now own about eleven 

 thousand acres in British Columbia, where they number 

 about two thousand people. There are four thousand 

 still in .Saskatchewan, where they have seven flour- 

 mills and six wheat warehouses. Th'ey engage prin- 

 cipally in agriculture, and are said to be good 

 farmers : — 



One who lived five weeks amongst them quite recently says ; 

 " I watched during my visit to see if I could ,find a frown or a 

 discontented face, and I was unable to discover one. In 

 cleanliness they are superb. There is no liquor drunk among 

 the Doukhobors, no tobacco used in any form, no profane 

 language, while an exhiljition of bad temper is impossible to 

 find. And the morality of these good people is a world-beater 

 . . . The Doukholjors are an extremely honest people, good 

 neighbours, and most law-abiding citizens. The progress they 

 have made in .Saskatchewan is marvellous." 



There is, however, a tendency towards individual 

 independence, members leaving their communities and 

 setting up as individual owners. 



SOCIOLOtJICAL CON' 1)1 riONS. 



THE NATIONS COMPARED: 



Three Striking Tables. 

 In the Open Court for August Mr. Arthur MacDonald 

 discusses the mentality of nations in connection with 

 patho-social conditions. The paper is full of most 

 interesting matter. Three of the tables presented may 

 be cited liere : — 



MENTAl.rrV. 

 Ei>i;cAr[ON. 1 I.nformation. 



CoUNI KV, 



lyoS. 



Belgium 



Dcninaik 



Kr-ince 



ijcimany 



(Jrcat Britain and 



Ireland 



Italy 



Nctberhinds 



Russia 



Switzerj.-tnd ..: 



United States 



2 2 



3 a 



833' 



346' 



100' 

 3.0793 



910 



6, 110* 



q 



380- 



ia'2 

 13-0 

 14-1 

 170 



17*0 

 8-1 

 ■S-o 



4 5* 

 186 

 •07 



(■S 



5« 

 77 

 7= 

 16 

 178 



S:2 



s fe = 



■2 ao. 



= n o 



3 ao. 



m 5 g c = \ 



»7 



84 



551 



•)8 



60 



133 



8 



7(30 



98 

 •35 

 38 

 49 



6 

 116 



1 q:z 



48 

 43 

 43 



39 



45 



34 



36 



3 

 90 



' ic/>4. 2 ,897. 3 1903. * i8t)S. " iyD7 ; in IQ07, 39 per cent, of males 

 and a; p^r cent, of nil pcisons (nine >e.irs of age .tnd moKj; were able to 

 read. * In white male population twenty-one to iw^nty-four years of age 

 in 1900. 



Ba-^ed I'f'ON Officiat. 

 Reports, 1908. 



COL'NTRV. 



Belgium (1^07} 



Denmark 



Fiance 1,1905) 



Germany 



England and Wales.. 



Italy (1905) 



N'etheilands 



Russia (1903) 



Switzerland 



United States 



I ^ o 



V 



M . 



n S 

 •- o 



ticg 



;^ 



4'3 I5'7 



2'4 M'7 

 4*5 2o*6 

 3'6 iq'o 

 .. I 14-7 

 4'S 2i"t^* 

 39 i5'o 

 .. 29-4 



3"2 l6"2 



4"3 I5'9 





I o 5 ■= I ^ 





g 5 lu 



Zi ft. 



- =l.s e-s 



3 '03 



7"S 

 8-1 1 

 7'9 

 '4'3 

 7"7 

 7'3 

 8-7 

 7-8 



lis 



2; 



227 



66 

 73 



I 112 

 ' 2'S 



6 



1 igoo. 2 1907- ^ Per 100 births. 

 ' 1897. ^ ic,oo. '0 Uriled Kingdom, 



1904. •' 1907. 

 PATHO-SOCIAL CONDITIONS. 



iS;)9. ' 1901. 



Based upon 

 Of[--icial 



REfORTS, 



ic^o8. 



COINTRV. 



Criwinalitv. 



Nu.MBEIt CONVrCTED 



PER 100,000 In- 

 habitants. 





-13 



o - 

 \ 3 « 



^-C ^ 



Belgium 



Denmark 



Fiance (1905' 



Germany 



England and 



Wales 



Italy (1905)... 

 Netherlands., 

 Russia (n)03). 

 Switzerland... 

 United Stales' 



715 



358 

 501 

 .240 



•71 114 , 

 ■30 76 

 ■69 156 

 ■13152 



,6=8 



.3^3 



19^1' 



cu o- 



3.= .: 



lis 



-o.a 

 '5 ^ 



« J3 5 



" c c 



3X a 



«34 

 178 



2£ 1 



356 I 



'87 j 

 42 >* 

 231' ! 

 356", 



900 



"53 



221 

 3.07ol' 

 2,360'- 



■9 

 1 85 



0-64 



17 

 2.? 



43 

 86 



- All crimes known to police. ^ Larcenies known to police. * Known 

 to police. * Deaths from suicide. * Number sent to piison, gaol, or work- 

 house. * Number on J.-inuary i.-t. * 1906. " 1903. '^ 1901. '^ 1907. 

 '* Out-door relief includeil. '^ 1907. t" 1899. 



'The writer notices the following correspondences : — 

 Those countries which have the greatest illiteracy, as 

 Italy, Belgium and l-'runce, show the highest percentage 

 of murder. They also have a high percentage of still 

 births, death rate, and death rate under one year of 

 age. Two of these countries, where the illiteracy is 

 more pronounced, as in Italy and Belgium, show a 

 . low rate of suicide and divorce. On the other hand, 

 the least illiterate countries, as Germany, Switzerland 

 and Denmark, have a high rate of suicides. 



Dr. 



C. F. BuRNEv, in the Church Quarterly Review, 

 gives a translation of the Aramaic papyri found 

 recently in the Island of Elephantine, in Egypt, which 

 dates from B.C. 407, and shows that a Jewish garrison 

 was established at Elephantine about B.C. 655, in the 

 latter years of Manassch's reign. It shows that there 

 was a temple of Yahu, or Vahweh, at Elephantine, 

 where sacrifices were regularly offered, in direct contra- 

 vention of the later Deuteronomic law. 



