THE HUMAN SPECIES. 211 



These cities existed, and a given social state was ad- 

 vancing to civilization among the typical woolly haired 

 tribes of higher Asia, but declined and fell, from the 

 moment the Hindoo races invaded Bharata or the pen- 

 insula of India. The people, nevertheless, which they 

 subdued, expelled, and vainly endeavoured to extirpate, 

 survived, in scattered purer groups, in the more inac- 

 cessible parts of the continent, chiefly along the subor- 

 dinate ramifications of the Himalaya range, from the 

 Indus to Indo-China, and the Malay peninsula ; or in 

 the form of hybrid tribes, even at present lurking in 

 the Vindaya chain, and spread through the southern 

 states to Ceylon. Taking the characteristics of some 

 tribes still remaining for the general standard, they 

 were a strong built under sized people, with a depress- 

 ed forehead, frizzled hair, crushed nose, thick lips, and 

 black skin, all to some extent cannibals, and incapable 

 of rising, by their own intellectual powers, much beyond 

 the degrees of social improvement they had attained ; 

 yet not so low, but that some of the worst features of 

 their religious and moral notions were adopted by their 

 conquerors. The names of the nations varied of course. 

 Among the most ancient and general, was that of Nats, 

 Nagas, Nishadas, Kabendas, Bhils, and Puharees. * 



* Several of these names recur, most significantly, among 

 the Negro tribes of Western and Southern Africa, particu- 

 larly those of Nagas or Nagoes, Puharees, Menas, and per- 

 haps Galla ; for in India the Gwalla, or grazier profession, 

 is the same as that of the African Gallas, who also bear 

 another Asiatic and their true name of Sidana. Gal, Gail, 

 in Celtic, moreover, denotes a stranger or wanderer, there- 

 fore radically also a nomad. 



