THE HUMAN SPECIES. 251 



America, by a route sufficiently near the Arctic Circle, to 

 give the north and west for a true point of their first abode 

 on that continent. Followed, as all fugitive nations are, 

 by their enemies, no doubt real Mongolians came after 

 them ; and both, in departing from eastern Asia, lost 

 their horses and their nautical habits. Thus, these mi- 

 grations of distinct types may be a cause of the inter- 

 mediate character of the present Aleuthian Islanders.* 

 With these facts before us, it is vain to assert, that 

 all American races, excepting the Esquimaux, have 

 originally sprung from one stock ; for many more coin- 

 cidences could be enumerated ; and while one like the 

 last mentioned is admitted to be of the beardless type, 

 of Ouralian or of Finnic origin, surely others could 

 migrate in a similar direction, at earlier periods, when, 

 in all probability, this passage was much more practi- 

 cable; and, according to observations made by Biot, 

 the climate less severe than at present. More than 

 twenty tribes of Indians, of the present territory of the 

 United States and Canada, record their migration 

 either from the north, or from beyond the Rocky Moun- 



* See Warden's Antiquites Americaines. Pennant's 

 Arctic Zoology, Introduction ; where many other customs, 

 common lo the Scythians and to the North American na- 

 tions, are enumerated. There is a Japanese map now in the 

 British Museum, which marks islands in the straits of 

 Behring, and notices the region by the name of Ya-zue 

 (the kingdom of the dwarfs), that is, the diminutive Esqui- 

 maux. This map, presented by Ksempfer to Sir Hans 

 Sloane, is therefore of comparative antiquity, and shows 

 Behring's Straits to have been known to the Mongolic stock, 

 long before Behring made the discovery, or Cook fixed the 

 real position of the two coasts. 



