THE HUMAN SPECIES. 269 



beardless tribes ; still the following description is ap- 

 plicable to both, with only so much difference as the 

 conditions of their respective situations admit to be 

 results of circumstances only. 



The beardless, Hyperborean,* or Mongolia type, 

 differs from the white Caucasian and Melanic stocks, 

 by constant characters, which mark it externally, even 

 where the subordinate stems are greatly adulterated 

 by intermixture, or modified by climate, and other 

 causes. It is a form of Man, distinguished from the 

 other two types by a facial angle, sloping backwards 

 from 70 to 80 degrees the contents of the cerebral 

 chamber varying, according to Dr. Morton's measure- 

 ment, from 69 to 93 cubic inches: the head is rather 

 small, the face flat, the cheek-bones projecting late- 

 rally, the eyes small, not much opened, appearing to 

 be placed obliquely, with the external angle upwards, 

 chiefly because the lachrymary gland is concealed by 

 the upper lid, which turns directly down over it. This 

 is a provision of nature common to the ruminants of 

 high latitudes, and the most elevated ridges, who are 

 all destitute of tear^pits, probably because the lachry- 

 mary structure cannot be exposed in a rigorous climate 

 without positive detriment to the eyes. The Mongo- 

 lian eye has always a dark iris, the eyebrows are nar- 



* The denomination of hyperborean is more strictly ap- 

 plicable to the Arctic stock, though by the ancients the 

 same designation is commonly believed to refer to Gothic, 

 or at most to Finnic tribes, who were at that time merely 

 boreal, or northern inhabitants. 



