THE HUMAN SPECIES. 281 



nations at still earlier periods over the Yuchi and other 

 Oriental Asiatics, the Caucasian stock should have left 

 such scanty outward evidence in the masses of the con- 

 querors. The lower innervation, and consequent deadly 

 apathy, in the relations of humanity, alone can account 

 for it. Small as the influence may be in other respects, 

 it has nevertheless tended to produce, on the north of 

 the great wall of China, a Caucasian ratiocination, 

 which the Kara-kuthai, and all Tahtars evince, in the 

 Islam religious expansion. 



Batu Khan, nephew of Genghiz, formed, about 1223, 

 the celebrated Golden horde in Kiptchack, a state 

 between the Don, Volga, and Yaik, where, with the 

 habits of various races of mixed and true Caucasians, 

 an immense caravan trade was created, and extended 

 to Samarkand and China on the one side, and on the 

 other came to Astrakan, and thence by the Volga to 

 Cazan and the Baltic, or by the Don to Azoff, or lastly, 

 by the Kur and Rion reached the post where the Ge- 

 noese had revived the trade of ancient Colchis a wise 

 and industrial system, which, while it lasted, conferred 

 such riches on the government and people, that the 

 resplendent name above noted was the consequence. 

 But that the evident advantages of a peaceful policy 

 could not wholly restrain the habits of rapine, is evi- 

 dent ; for it was at this period, 1237, 1241, that Batu, 

 with the Kiptchack or Komans, and Petah Khan, with 

 the Telebog and Nogai swarms, made those great in- 

 roads upon eastern Europe, which nearly depopulated 

 Russia, Poland, Hungary, and adjacent provinces. 



