370 NATURAL HISTORY OF 



less spread than in the other forms of man ; nor is the 

 nether jaw so angular. The forehead is broad, often 

 high, the occipital part less developed, and the arch of 

 the cranium less solid. 



Man of the bearded type attains the highest standard, 

 is in general above the middle size, and in symmetry 

 excels all the others : the arms are in better proportion, 

 the hands more beautifully shaped, and the feet and 

 toes more delicate, and more obliquely arranged. His 

 movements are more decisive of purpose, more grace- 

 ful ; the poise of his head places the countenance verti- 

 cally to the horizon.* The shoulders are ample, the 

 chest broad, the ribs firm, and the loins well turned ; 

 the thighs, and in particular the calves of the legs, 

 symmetrical ; the whole frame constructed for the en- 

 durance of every kind of toil, being protected in some 

 measure with a partial growth of hair, which is scarce- 

 ly traceable in the other types excepting on the chest. 



* A weight being placed on the head, such as when a 

 Dutch milk-maid skates to market, the heavy pail is so 

 poised upon a kind of pad, that it bears equally on the 

 dome of the cranium ; so also is water carried by the ab- 

 normal Egyptian peasantry. In both, the weight rests on 

 the perpendicular axis of the body, through the centre of 

 the skull; whereas in the Negro, weight on the head is 

 always poised nearer the forehead, and consequently the 

 chin is elevated. With the Mongolian and American, the 

 strain appears to be downward, the muscles of the neck 

 being rigid. Weight is carried, not on the shoulders, like 

 a Caucasian, nor on the head, like the woolly haired races, 

 but by a strap, pressing against the forehead and passing 

 to the back. True Caucasians trust to the shoulders and 

 loins. 



