1 8 OUR NATIVE FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES. 



pairs, and are borne in the axils of the large, imbricated, scale- 

 like indusia which are fixed by their bases to short, oblique 

 veinlets. 



56. Anemia. In this genus the two lowest branches of 

 the frond bear panicles of fruit at the end of very long stalks. 

 The ovate sporangia are sessile in two rows along 

 the branchlets of the panicle, without^, special 

 covering of any kind. In the section represented 

 by our species the veins are free. 



57. Schizaea. In this genus the large ovoid 

 sporangia are sessile in double rows along the 

 single vein of the narrow fertile divisions. In 

 our species the pairs of fertile pinnae form a dis- 

 tichous spike (Fig. u). 



58. Osmunda has the large globose spo- 

 rangia, short-stalked, and borne on the con- 

 tracted fertile portions of the frond. In the cin- 

 namon-fern (O. cinnamomea) the fertile fronds 

 are entirely distinct from the sterile, yet mani- 

 festing a tendency to variation in the uar. fron- 

 dosa. In the interrupted flowering-fern (p. 

 Claytontana) the fructification is confined to a 

 few of the middle pinnae of the frond. In the 

 royal flowering- fern (O. regalis) the fructifica- 

 tion is borne at the apex of the fronds. 



59. Spores. The spores of ferns constitute 

 the fruit proper. A spore consists of two* dis- 

 tinct closed sacs and the cell contents, all of 

 which differ from each other not only in struc- 

 ture, but also in chemical composition. The 



FIG ii Sckizcea ou ^ er ^ a y er (exospore) consists chiefly of cellu- 

 fiusiiia Pursh. lose ; the inner layer (endospore) contains some 



Entire plant, nat- 

 ural size. albuminous matter in addition, while the cell 



contents consist chiefly of a thin, colorless, jelly-like substance 

 known as protoplasm, with grains of chlorophyll (the green 



* Campbell has recently demonstrated the existence of a third (middle) 

 layer, which is not readily apparent until after germination. Cf. Memoirs 

 Boston Soc. Nat. History, iv, 17 et seq. (April, 1887). 



