NO. 1 NATIVES OF KHARGA OASIS HRDLICKA 45 
reality the size of the head and not its length or breadth that is 
directly correlated with the stature. 
The augmentation in both measurements is not exactly propor- 
tionate to stature in all its grades, but lags behind as the stature 
increases, so that while in the shortest men the length and breadth 
of the head represent respectively 12.1 and 8.5 per cent of the body 
height, in the tallest men they represent only n.o and 7.75 per cent 
of the same. 
Cephalic Index 
The cephalic index averages 74.83, which characterizes the Kharga 
people as in general dolicho- and mesocephalic. The extremes extend 
on one side- to hyperdolichocephaly while on the other they barely 
reach the beginning of brachycephaly, showing that there is but little 
tendency towards real broad-headedness. The range of variation, 
12.7 or 0.085 P er un it of the average, is not unusual. The curve 
of distribution (fig. 4) of the index, however, shows two pro- 
nounced and well separated points, which exceed considerably any 
effects of the mathematical probable error and which, considering the 
number of subjects involved, can not well be regarded as without sig- 
nificance. The tendency towards this double grouping is recog- 
nizable in the distribution curves of both the measurements the rela- 
tion of which is expressed by the cephalic index, but in the latter the 
condition is especially clear. It is interesting to note that Myers a 
found a very much similar condition in the soldiers from several of 
the Egyptian provinces, but decided, not warrantably, it seems, that 
the two peaks of his polygons " were purely due to chance." The 
two peaks were located in all cases one at 73 and the other at 76-77, 
which agrees closely with the 72.5 and 75.5 peaks at Kharga. 
The writer feels obliged to regard the principal grouping shown 
by the cephalic index curve or polygon at Kharga as not wholly 
accidental. It has very probably other causes. These may be racial, 
in which the condition would express a mixture of two ethnic 
elements, one more and one less dolichocephalic; or it may be 
pathological, using this term especially in its extension to various 
defective conditions that are liable to affect adversely the develop- 
ments and growth of the organism. The problem is difficult of 
definite solution from the data at hand. The writer's impression is 
that in this case it is principally the anthropological factor that is 
accountable. 
1 Myers, C. S. : Contribution to Egyptian Anthropology ; III. The Anthro- 
pometry of the Modern Mahommedans. Jour. Anthr. Inst. Vol. 36, 1906, p. 
246 et seq. 
