BIRDS 



57 



II. SUMMER VISITORS.* 



These begin to arrive at end of March from their winter quarters in Southern 

 Europe or Africa. Many, it is known, travel from as far away as South Africa 

 along the Nile Valley, and crossing the Mediterranean, bear westwards. Others 

 follow the shore line of Spain and France, and so cross the Channel. The 

 migration takes place in waves that is, a small vanguard comes early, and 

 then two or more vast flights of birds follow. 



Yellow Wagtail Africa. 



Blue-headed Wagtail Africa. 



White Wagtail Africa. 



Garden Warbler Africa. 



ChifEchaff shores of Mediterranean. 



Yellow Wren Africa and Persia. 



Wood Warbler Africa. 



Reed Warbler Africa. 



Marsh Warbler Africa. 



Sedge Warbler North Africa and Asia Minor. 



Grasshopper Warbler North Africa and South 



Europe. 



Golden Oriole Africa, Sind. 

 Red-backed Shrike Africa. 

 Spotted Flycatcher Africa. 

 Pied Catcher Africa. 

 Tree Pipit North Africa, Persia, India. 

 Ring Ouzel Central Africa, Asia Minor. 

 Wheatear West and North Africa, Persia, 



North India. 



Swallow Ethiopia, North India, India. 

 House Martin South Abyssinia. 

 Sand Martin India, Africa. 

 Wryneck China, North Africa. 

 Swift Africa. 



Nightjar Algeria, Egypt, Asia Minor. 

 Hoopoe North and Central Africa to Abyssinia. 

 Cuckoo Central Africa, South India. 

 Turtle Dove North Africa, Egypt, Nubia. 

 Puffin New England states of North America, 



Azores, Canaries, West Mediterranean. 

 Common Tern Africa, Asia, India. 

 Arctic Tern Africa. 



Whinchat North Africa. 



Redstart North Africa. 



Nightingale Africa. 



Roseate Tern South Africa. 



Sandwich Tern South Africa, Red Sea, Persian 

 Gulf, etc. 



Little Tern East Africa, Asia. 



Red-necked Phalarope Mediterranean, India, 

 China, Japan. 



Dotterel South Europe, North Africa, Pales- 

 tine, Persia. 



Kentish Plover Africa, India, South China. 



Common Sandpiper Africa. 



Whimbrel South-West Asia to India, Mada- 

 gascar, South Africa. 



Corncrake Algeria, Egypt, Asia Minor. 



Whitethroat South Africa. 



Lesser Whitethroat Africa. 



Blackcap North Africa, South Europe. 



Spotted Crake Canaries, Africa, Mesopotamia, 

 North India. 



Quail Egypt, North Africa. 



Montagu's Harrier Canaries, Africa, India, 

 Ceylon, Burma. 



Hobby Africa, India. 



Garganey Sudan, British East Africa. 



Storm Petrel On migration, Norway, Iceland, 

 Greenland. 



Leach's Fork-tailed Petrel East of North 

 America, Azores, Canaries, Madeira, etc. 



Manx Shearwater Very widely distributed. 



Fulmar As far as 43 south in Europe, Massa- 

 chusetts, Maine, North America. 



III. WINTER VISITORS. 



These birds begin to arrive as our summer visitors depart ; really, all 

 alike taking part in the enormous tide that sets from the east or north-east 

 southward. So not only do we get birds which will spend the winter with us, 



* The places following the names indicate the winter quarters. The references to India, 

 China, and the far East apply to those species which, during the migration-waves westwards and 

 northwards, move into Europe. In case of sea birds, their winter quarters can only be very broadly 

 denned. 



