228 THE BRITISH NATURE BOOK 



16. The Small Tortoise-shell (Vanessa urtica). 

 Food plant Nettle. 



Larva Yellowish, with black speckles ; spines. Gregarious. 



Pupa Greyish, with metallic splashes. 



Eggs Green to yellow ; ribbed ; laid in clusters. May and July 

 Hibernates. 

 , Locality Everywhere. 



These breed regularly close to my church ; the pupae are almost always gilded 

 all over. They hibernate in the church roof, waking up about Easter time. 



17. The Peacock (Vanessa id). Unmistakable from its " peacock-eye " 

 markings. 



Food plant Nettle. 



Larva Black, with white dots ; spiny. Gregarious. 



Pupa Varies from grey-green to brown ; head downwards ; metallic 

 points, or gilded all over. 



Eggs Olive-green ; ribbed. April to May onward. 



Locality Widely distributed, but not so common as in former years. 

 Hibernates. 



18. The Camberwell Beauty (Vanessa antiopa). Unmistakable (see Plate 

 XXVI.). 



Food plant Sallow, willow, elm, etc. 



Larva Black, with white spots ; deep red markings on back. Gregarious. 



Pupa Black and orange, covered with a sort of bloom. 



Eggs Yellow, changing through brown to grey ; ribbed ; laid in batches. 

 May onwards. 



This butterfly is only an occasional visitor to England, but once used to 

 breed here. 



19. The Painted Lady (Pyrameis cardui). Unmistakable. 

 Food plant Thistle, generally. 



Larva Stoutish ; varying from grey to black ; yellow lines ; makes a 

 sort of lair on food plant. 



Pupa Grey-green, often with metallic points. 



Eggs Green ; ribbed. Laid singly about June. 



Locality General, but very uncertain. 



A large number of these butterflies immigrate from abroad. 



20. The Red Admiral (Pyrameis atalanta). Easily identified by its scarlet 

 bands on upper side of wings. 



Food plant Nettle. 



Larva Sometimes blackish, or greyish, with white freckles ; two yellow 

 side stripes ; spiny. Makes a lair. 



Pupa Greyish ; head downwards under leaf ; gold patches and points. 

 Eggs Green ; ten ribs ; laid singly ; darken very much. June to September. 

 Locality Everywhere. 



21. Silver-washed Fritillary (Argynnis paphia). Largest of all the Fritil- 



