266 THE BRITISH NATURE BOOK 



Orange Sallow (Cirrhia (Xanthia} citrago). One of a group of moths 

 which have fore-wings of an orange-yellow colour, and are much alike ; all 

 about the same size E. ij-i| inch. This species has two rust-brown cross 

 lines almost parallel; hind-wings cream-coloured. Moth in September to 

 October. L. in March to June : first on sallow catkins ; later on low plants. 

 Widely distributed. 



The Sallow (Xanthia fulvago) is distinguished by the irregular dark brown 

 bands or patches on the fore-wings, also the row of dots for the submarginal 

 line. Other details as preceding. 



The Dusky-lemon Sallow (Mellinia gilvago) is heavily mottled and clouded 

 with purplish brown on the fore-wings. It is rather local, though widely 

 distributed. 



Orange Upperwing (Xantholeuca croceago). E. ij-ij inch. It is similar 

 in colour to the Orange Sallow, but has five small white spots along the costa. 

 L. feeds on oak in May and June. Moth flies in September to October, 

 and again in spring. Local in the South and Midlands. 



The Chestnut (Orrhodia vaccinii). E. i J inch. It has usually dark chestnut 

 fore-wings, with indistinct markings, except for a more or less defined black 

 central spot ; but the species varies considerably from pale ochreous to dark 

 grey. Moth in autumn and early winter. L. in May to June on oak, elm, 

 etc. Ly. Woods. 



The Dark Chestnut (0. ligula) is similar, but has darker chestnut brown 

 fore-wings, and in the typical form has a series of white dashes forming a band 

 on the outer area. L. on oak, sallow, etc., and low plants. Moth in October 

 to November. 



The Satellite (Eupsilia satellitia). E. i|-i| inch. Reddish brown 

 fore-wings, with dark purple-brown cross lines, and a crescent-shaped white 

 spot (or yellow) for the reniform stigma ; hind-wings brown-grey. Moth in 

 September to November. L. in May to June on oak, maple, beech, and low 

 plants. 



Pale Pinion (Lithophane soda). E. i^-if inch. Fore-wings pale grey- 

 brown, tinged ochreous, with darker markings, not very distinct ; the hind- 

 wings are almost the same colour. L. feeds on blackthorn, lime, oak, etc. 

 Moth flies in September to October. Absent from east counties. (The TAWNY 

 PINION (L. semibrunnea) is more local, and has darker fore-wings, the lower 

 half being a darker brown than the upper.) 



Grey Shoulder-knot (Graptolina ornithopus). E. i inch. Fore-wings 

 pale grey, with dark marks. There is a distinct blackish streak at the base, 

 which forks at the end. Hind-wings fawn-grey. L. on oak in May to June. 

 Moth in autumn and spring. 



Early Grey (Xylocampa areola). E. about i| inch. Usually grey 

 wings, but sometimes tinged with pink, with darker markings. There is a 

 short dark streak from the middle of the base, and just beyond it a ^ shaped 

 patch, in reality supporting the orbicular and reniform stigmata, which 



