274 THE BRITISH NATURE BOOK 



bands, a dark line near hind margin, broken into a series of dashes. Hind- 

 wings paler. L. on honeysuckle, sallow, willow, in June to July. Moth in 

 April to May. Common. Ly. Woodlands. 



Seraphim (L. halter ata}. E. i-i inch. Fore-wings whitish, speckled with 

 dark grey. Two greyish bands on basal area, a black central dot. L. on aspen 

 and poplar in June to July. Moth in May to June. Widely distributed, but 

 local. 



The Small Seraphim (L. sexalisata) is much smaller. L. on sallow in August 

 to September. Moth in May to June. Local. 



Winter Moth (Chceimatobia brumata). E. i-i inch. The female is almost 

 wingless, and crawls on fruit trees, the larvae being very destructive. The male 

 has greyish brown fore-wings, with darker indistinct cross lines. It appears 

 in the winter months from October to February. Generally distributed. 



The Northern Winter Moth (C. boreata] is larger, the male having paler 

 and more glossy fore-wings. L. on birch in May to June. Moth in October 

 to November. Widely distributed, in spite of its name. 



The Tissue (Triphosa dubitata). E. i|-i| inch. Fore-wings shining pale 

 brown, tinged with rose colour, with numerous pale and dark cross lines. The 

 edges of the wings are scalloped, especially the hind-wings. L. on buckthorn. 

 Moth in August and September, and again in April to May. Common, except 

 in North. (The SCARCE TISSUE (Eucosmia certata] is very similar, but not 

 so glossy. L. feeds on barberry in June to July. Moth in May to June. 

 Widely distributed, but only common in Eastern Counties.) 



The Scallop Shell (Eucosmia undulata). E. ij-i inch. Derives its name 

 from the similarity of its colour and markings to those of the shell of that name. 

 Ochreous grey wings, crossed by many brown wavy lines and a zigzag white 

 submarginal line. Male has tufts of blackish hair about the middle of the 

 inner margin, most noticeable on the under side. L. in August onwards on 

 sallow, aspen, and bilberry. Moth in June and July. Ly. Woods. (The BROWN 

 SCALLOP (Scotosia vetulata) is much smaller, and the markings are less distinct. 

 L. on buckthorn in May to June. Moth in June to July. Found only in Eng- 

 land.) 



The Dark Umber (Scotosia rhamnata). E. up to i| inch. Reddish brown 

 wings, with numerous lighter cross lines. Fore-wings have an oblique darker 

 central area, and a whitish submarginal line. L. in May to June on buckthorn. 

 Moth in July. Common in South ; rare in North. 



Small Phoenix (Eustroma silaceata}. E. about i inch. Fore- wings 

 dark brown with a paler band near base, and another, much broken, near the 

 margin, forked at the tip. Hind-wings pale grey, shaded. L. on nightshade, 

 willow-herb, in July. Moth in woods in May to June. Local. 



The Phosnix (Lygris prunata) is larger (E. up to if inch), and chocolate 

 brown, the markings being very similar. L. on currant and gooseberry in 

 April to May. Moth in July to August. Local, but widely distributed. Ly. 

 Gardens. 



