28 



BRITISH FLORA 



florets, complete, and female ray florets, in i row, 

 yellow. The involucral bracts are linear-lance- 

 shaped, taper-pointed. The ligule is short. The 

 fruit is round in section, silky. The pappus has 

 an outer series of short bristles or scales, and is 

 rigid, unequal, dirty-white. The plant is 6-18 in. 

 high, flowering- in July and August, and is a herba- 

 ceous perennial. 



Sea Cottonweed (Diotis maritime, Cass. = D. 

 candidissima, Desf.). The habitat of this plant is 

 sandy shores and sea shingle. The habit is pros- 

 trate below, then ascending. The rootstock is 

 woody, creeping. The stems are numerous, stout, 

 branched above. The plant is adapted to dry 

 conditions densely cottony (hence Cottonweed), 

 and white (hence candidissima). The leaves are 

 stalkless, thick, blunt, entire or toothed, oblong, 

 scalloped, and persist. The flowerheads are 

 yellow, small, in dense, terminal, clustered cor- 

 ymbs. The involucre is cottony, the scales of the 

 receptacle oblong, long-pointed, woolly at the tip. 

 The fruit is smooth, hairless, 5-ribbed, curved. 

 There is no pappus. The plant is 6-18 in. high, 

 flowering in August and September, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Matricaria maritima, L. The habitat of this 

 plant is sea-coasts. The rootstock is woody. The 

 leaf-segments are short, fleshy, shining, and suc- 

 culent. The stem is ascending. There are no 

 barren shoots. The heads are fewer. The re- 

 ceptacle is narrower. The spaces between the 

 ribs of the fruits are narrower. The plant flowers 

 between June and September, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Sea Wormwood (Artemisia maritima, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is salt-marshes and 

 ditches. The habit is erect, prostrate, or ascend- 

 ing. The rootstock is woody, branched. The 

 stem is branched, woolly. The leaves are white, 

 woolly below, deeply divided nearly to the base, 

 the segments linear, blunt, narrow, numerous, 

 spreading. The flowerheads are drooping, few, 

 crowded, oblong, in short panicle-like spikes, the 

 florets reddish, all fertile, narrow. The receptacle 

 is hairless. The phyllaries are oblong, the outer 

 woolly, the inner membranous. The plant is 9-18 

 in. high, flowering in August and September, and 

 is a herbaceous perennial. 



Kamtchatka Worm wood (Artemisia StetZertana, 

 Besser). The habitat of this plant is seashores. 

 The plant is densely white-felted. The leaves are 

 deeply divided nearly to the base, with broad, 

 blunt segments. The flowerheads are pale-yellow 

 in simple or nearly simple racemes, the heads 

 large, erect, rounded, bell-shaped. The stem- 

 leaves and phyllaries are all densely white-felted. 

 The plant is 1-2 ft. high, flowering in August, and 

 is a herbaceous perennial. 



Senecio spathulifolius, D.C. The habitat of 

 this plant is maritime rocks, sea cliffs, calcareous 

 rocks, and the plant is rare. It has been re- 

 garded as a variety of S. campestris. The plant 

 is shaggy. The plant has the rosette habit. The 

 stem is simple, and is tall and stout. The radical 

 leaves are ovate to spoon-shaped, arachnoid 



(covered with a cottony down) above, woolly 

 below. The stem - leaves are enlarged below, 

 ovate to oblong, narrowed into broadly-winged 

 stalks. The upper leaves have no stalks, and 

 are linear or lance-shaped, clasping. The flower- 

 heads are yellow, the involucre woolly. The 

 fruit is stiffly hairy. The plant is 1-3 ft. high, 

 flowering in June and July, and is a herbaceous 

 biennial or perennial. 



Slender - flowered Thistle (Carduus pycno- 

 cephalus, L.). The habitat of this plant is sandy 

 places near the sea. The habit is erect. The 

 stem is erect, branched, hoary, the leaves densely 

 hoary or cottony beneath. The branches are 

 long and slightly winged. The florets are purple 

 in 1-3 large heads, with spreading phyllaries. 

 The fruit is minutely pitted with several rows of 

 pappus. It is 1-4 ft. in height, and flowers from 

 June to August, being biennial. 



Jersey Knapweed (Centaurea paniculata, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is sandy fields, shores, 

 and slopes. The habit is erect, the stem being 

 branched, forming a panicle above. The stems 

 and branches are rigid, covered with a cottony 

 down, slender, with acute angles. The lower 

 leaves are divided nearly to the base, with linear 

 segments. The heads are oblong with purple 

 flowers. The pappus is not so long as the fruit, 

 consisting of scaly bristles. The plant is i ft. in 

 height, flowers in July, and is a herbaceous 

 biennial. 



False Jersey Knapweed (Centaurea aspera, 

 L.). The habitat of this Knapweed is sandy 

 places near the sea. The habit is prostrate, then 

 ascending. The stem is slender, with slender 

 branches, spreading, downy, the tips cottony. 

 The leaves are stalkless, linear, entire. The 

 flower-stalks are leafy, the flowerheads brownish 

 red, the involucre rounded, the leathery bracts 

 tipped with turned-back spreading spines, the 

 heads solitary and terminal. The fruit is grey 

 and downy, the pappus not so long as the fruit. 

 The plant is 1-2 ft. in height, flowering from June 

 to September, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



St. Barnabas Star Thistle (Centaurea solsti- 

 tialis, L.). The habitat of this thistle is fields, 

 dry pastures, and other places near the sea. It 

 is often introduced with Lucerne, Sainfoin, and 

 usually found on cultivated land. The habit is 

 erect, the rigid stems numerous, being branched, 

 winged, cottony, the lower leaves with lobes 

 larger towards the tip, the upper entire, the base 

 running down the stem. The terminal solitary 

 heads are borne on flower-stalks, the flowerheads 

 yellow, with long, spreading upper bracts, the 

 central involucral spines long and slender, needle- 

 like. The fruit is white, with soft pappus as long 

 as the fruit. The plant is 1-2 ft. high, and flowers 

 between July and September, being a herbaceous 

 annual. 



Hieracium subramosum, Lonrr. The habitat of 

 this species is maritime. It has not. been met 

 with since 1876, when it was found at Pethy Cur 

 by Syme. The stem is branched, tall, hairy, 

 stiffly hairy below, woolly-felted above. The few, 



