WOODS AND COPSES 



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narrow ultra-axillary top, with numerous stalked 

 glands on the rachis, flower- stalk, and bracts. 

 The petals are broad, small, and pink. Some 

 forms have white petals and no glands. The 

 distinctive features are the lobed leaves, narrow 

 and many-flowered panicle, stalked glands, and 

 pink petals. 



Rubus Lindebergii, P. J. Muell. The habitat 

 of this plant is thickets, open places, dry and 

 stony. The habit is prostrate, arching, the stem 

 tall. The prickles are stout, sickle-like, or hooked, 

 especially on the panicle. The leaves are 5- 

 lobed. The leaflets are pale greyish-green above, 

 narrowed below, with even, nearly simple teeth, 

 the terminal are narrow, inversely egg-shaped, 

 about twice as long as the leaf-stalk. The panicle 

 is narrow, without glands, wavy, with crowded, 

 strong, sickle-like prickles, and short branches, 

 with few flowers. The petals are white, large, 

 inversely egg-shaped, with long claws. 



Rubus mercicus, Bagnall. The habitat of this 

 species is hedges. The habit is erect, arching. 

 The prickles are rather unequal, bent back, and 

 scattered. The leaves are 3-5-lobed, arising from 

 a common centre with lateral lobes, the terminal 

 leaflet broadly oval or roundish, with short, blunt, 

 narrow point, and entire, or nearly entire, base, 

 more than twice as long as the stalk. The panicle 

 is loose, sometimes glandular, little narrowed to 

 the top, forming a corymb. The rachis and 

 flower-stalk are clothed with long, fine hair. The 

 petals are white, becoming pink. The stem and 

 rachis are dark-purple. 



Rubus villicaulis, Koehl. The habitat of this 

 plant is woods, wood borders, hedges, open stony 

 places. The habit is high-arching. The stem 

 is hairy (as the Latin specific name indicates). 

 There are many long, straight prickles, wide- 

 spreading, or bent back. The leaflets are egg- 

 shaped or oval, with a narrow, long point, soft, 

 with long silky white hairs below. The panicle 

 is open, long, compound, with long, bent-down 

 slender prickles, the branches forming a cyme, 

 the rachis softly downy. The stamens are much 

 longer than the styles. The plant flowers in July 

 and August, and is a deciduous shrub. It is 

 distinguished by the numerous long, straight 

 prickles, shaggy rachis and flower-stalks, prickly, 

 branched panicle, broad, oval leaflets, softly hairy 

 below. 



Rubus Selmeri, Lindeb. The habitat of this 

 species is woods and sandy and gravelly commons. 

 The habit is similar to the last. The stem and 

 leaves are not so hairy. The prickles are sickle- 

 like. The leaflets are concave, with wavy margin, 

 smooth above, thinly hairy below, the terminal 

 leaflets roundish, egg-shaped. The rachis is thinly 

 hairy, with many strongly sickle-like or hooked 

 prickles. The flowers are showy, star-like. The 

 petals are bright-pink. The stamens are short, 

 sometimes not longer than the style. In the 

 young state the plant is like R. gratus, as when 

 large-flowered. 



Rubus rhombifolius, Weihe. The habitat of this 

 plant is thickets and open commons. The habit 

 VOL, VI 



is similar to the last, the stem dark-red. The 

 prickles are broad-based, the leaflets rhomboid or 

 egg-shaped, with a long, narrow point, green or 

 white-felted below. The leaflets in mature leaves 

 are distant, all narrow at both ends, with a long 

 tip, with short hairs beneath. The panicle is 

 pyramidal, with sickle-like prickles, with strongly 

 bent-back white sepals, the petals, style, and long 

 stamens all red. The lower panicle-branches are 

 long and strongly ascending. The plant is inter- 

 mediate between R. villicaulis and R. Selmeri, 

 distinguished by the thinner, narrower, acuminate, 

 rhomboidal leaflets, with short hair beneath, pyra- 

 midal panicle, bent-back sepals, and red flowers. 



Rubus gratus, Focke. The habitat of this plant 

 is arching, prostrate. The stem is furrowed. 

 The prickles are rather short, with a broad base, 

 spreading, or somewhat bent down. The leaves 

 are large. The leaflets are at first softly downy, 

 later bare below, broad, coarsely, irregularly 

 doubly-toothed. The panicle is leafy, branched, 

 few-flowered. The rachis is clothed with long 

 hair. The flowers are very large, the petals pink 

 or with a pink claw. The sepals are erect in 

 fruit. The pollen-grains are large, equal, regular. 

 The fruit is large and oblong. The plant is 

 luxuriant. It is distinguished from R. Selmeri by 

 the rounder, more wavy leaflets, strong sickle-like 

 prickles, cylindrical panicle, turned-back fruiting 

 sepals, and short stamens. 



Rubus leucandrus, Focke. This is a local plant, 

 found in thickets, hedges, and commons. The 

 habit is arching, prostrate. The stem is blunt- 

 angled. The prickles are rather long, wide- 

 spreading to some extent. The leaflets are softly 

 hairy below, overlapping, hollow, the terminal 

 leaflet egg-shaped, heart-shaped, with a long 

 narrow point. The panicle bears no glands, is 

 irregularly branched, with felted flower-stalks, and 

 conspicuous flowers. The fruiting sepals are 

 turned back. The flowers are showy with large 

 petals, pure white like the stamens (hence leu- 

 candrus). The fruit is large and oval. The plant 

 is intermediate between R. affinis and R. gratus. 



Rubus ramosus, Briggs. The habitat of this 

 species is rocky, bushy places. The habit is 

 straggly, erect, arched. There are few prickles. 

 The leaves are 3-5-lobed, arising from a common 

 centre with lateral leaflets. The leaflets are con- 

 vex, leathery, shining above, coarsely and irregu- 

 larly toothed, with close ashy or white felt under 

 the hairs, the terminal leaflets oblong or slightly 

 inversely egg-shaped, with a blunt point. The 

 panicle is loose, with long branches, forming a 

 corymb at the top. The rachis, flower-stalk, and 

 sepals are ashy-white felted and thinly hairy. The 

 sepals are loosely turned back. The fruit is small 

 and poor. The plant is near R. Questicrii in the 

 felted panicle and shape of leaflets only. It flowers 

 in July and August, and is a deciduous shrub. 



Rubus thyrsoideus, Wimm. The habitat of this 

 species is thickets and hedges. The habit is 

 striking, tall, erect, high-arching. The stem is 

 strong, smooth, and rarely roots. The leaflets 

 are flat or hollowed, nearly smooth above, with 



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