WOODS AND COPSES 



are numerous, large, the florets yellow (both disk 

 and ray). The earlier heads are shorter than the 

 later ones. The flovverheads are on long stalks. 

 The involucral bracts are long, awl-like, lance- 

 shaped, glandular. The receptacle is downy. The 

 fruit is oblong, black, ribbed, that of the ray 

 florets smooth, with no pappus, that of the disk 

 florets hairy \vith white pappus. The plant is 2-3 

 ft. in height, flowering from May to July, and is 

 a herbaceous perennial. 



Plaintain-leaved Leopard's Bane (Doronicum 

 plantagineum, L.). The habitat of this plant is 

 plantations, where it is naturalized, and damp 

 places. The habit is as in the last, but it is 

 smooth and slender. The crown of the root is 

 woolly. The radical leaves are long-stalked, egg- 

 shaped, narrower, narrowed into the leaf-stalk, 

 the stem-leaves stalkless, clasping with a winged 

 stalk, the upper oblong, tapered to a long point, 

 and toothed, 3-5 ribbed. The flowerhead is soli- 

 tary, or, when one or more, the lateral are not 

 longer than the central ones. The bracts are awl- 

 like. The fruit of the ray is smooth. The plant is 

 2-3 ft. in height, and flowers from May to July, 

 being a herbaceous perennial. 



Burdock (Arctium nemorosum, auct. angl. A. 

 Neiabouldii, Williams). The habitat of the plant 

 is woods. The leaves are convolute, heart-shaped, 

 oblong to ovate, on hollow stalks, angular, r/early 

 flat above. The flowerheads are purple, racemose, 

 hardly stalked, round, ovate, contracted at the 

 mouth in fruit, slightly webbed, in threes, close, 

 at the end of branches, when young ovate, pro- 

 longed, not umbilicate. The phyllaries are as- 

 cending, and equal or exceed the florets, being awl- 

 like, the inner row lance-shaped, shorter. The 

 upper part of the florets is more or less cylindri- 

 cal, as long as the lower part. The plant is 2-4 ft. 

 high, flowering in August, and is a biennial. 



Scabious-leaved Hawkweed (Crepis hiera- 

 ctotdes, Waldst. & Kit. = H. mollis, Aschers). The 

 habitat of this plant is woods in the north, moun- 

 tain woods, and shady places. The habit is the 

 rosette habit. The plant is erect, the stem purple 

 below, slender, hairy or smooth. The lower 

 leaves are oblong, spoon-shaped, narrowed into a 

 foot-stalk, the upper stalkless, half-clasping, linear, 

 oblong. The flowerheads are few, the florets 

 yellow, in a corymb, the flower-stalk glandular, 

 hairy. The involucral bracts are tipped with 

 glands, lance-shaped, narrow, the involucre nearly 

 cylindrical, the outer bracts close, short, as long 

 as the pappus. The fruit is smooth, striate, with 

 many ribs, narrowed above and below, as long 

 as the White silky pappus. The plant is 2-3 ft. 

 in height, flowering in July and August, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Marsh Havrksbeard (Crepis patudosa, Moench). 

 The habitat of this plant is moist mountain 

 meadows, moist grassy ground, shady places, 

 woods, and copses. The habit is erect, the stem 

 being smooth, unbranched, angular, with many 

 leaves, the radical ones egg-shaped, oblong, 

 tapered, lance-shaped, the stem-leaves oval, large, 

 heart-shaped, clasping, the leaf-stalks slender. 



The flowers are yellow, the involucral bracts 

 glandular, with black hairs. The fruit is cylin- 

 drical, not beaked, the pappus stiff, brittle, dirty 

 white or brown, xo-ribbed. The plant is 2 ft. in 

 height and is in flower between July and Septem- 

 ber, being a herbaceous perennial. 



Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is woods, pastures, 

 waste places, where it is naturalized, railway 

 banks, copses, in the N. of England and Scotland. 

 The habit is the semi-rosette habit. The root- 

 stock is creeping, with short or no stolons. The 

 stem is leafy, slightly hairy, bristly, and woolly 

 above. The leaves are green, egg-shaped, lance- 

 shaped, hairy both sides, not cottony below. 

 The flowerheads form a corymb. The florets 

 are orange. The involucral bracts are blunt, the 

 ligules orange. The styles are brown. The plant 

 is 9-15 inches in height, flowering in June and 

 July, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Hieracium pinnatifidum, Lonnr. The habitat 

 of this plant is woods. The stem is tall, wavy, 

 purplish, stiffly hairy below and above, downy 

 above. The radical leaves are 3-4, the outer soon 

 fading, oval, toothed or nearly entire, the inner 

 oval to oblong, lance-shaped, the innermost acute, 

 shortly toothed. The stem-leaves are distant, the 

 lower large, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, long- 

 pointed, deeply divided nearly to the base, toothed 

 below, with irregular lobes, stiffly hairy, stellately 

 downy. The panicle is simple, the lower branches 

 distant, the upper close, longer than the acladium. 

 The flower-stalks are woolly-felted, hairy, glandu- 

 lar. The involucre is slender, rounded below. 

 The phyllaries are linear to lance-shaped, the 

 inner with a green border, with long, naked, 

 points, woolly-felted at the base, glandular, 

 sparsely hairy. The styles are yellowish or 

 dingy. 



Hieracium tridentatum, Fr., pro parte. The 

 habitat of this plant is hedgebanks and borders of 

 woods. The stem is purplish, stiffly hairy, woolly- 

 felted, nearly smooth above. The lowest leaves 

 form a rosette or are close, and the outer are 

 oblong, lance-shaped, acute, toothed. The lower 

 stem -leaves are shortly stalked, lance-shaped, 

 toothed, woolly-felted, stiffly hairy below, fringed 

 with hairs on the border. The panicle is a com- 

 pound corymb, the branches racemose, slender, 

 erect to spreading, the upper close to spreading. 

 The flower-stalks are arching, stiffly hairy, gland- 

 ular. The heads are small, dark green, egg-shaped 

 below. The phyllaries are dark green, linear, 

 triangular to lance-shaped, the inner narrow, pale- 

 tipped, woolly-felted, senescent, glandular, hairy. 

 The styles are yellow to brown. The plant is 

 \-2\ ft. high, flowering from July to September, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Savoy Hawkweed {Hieracium boreale, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is copses, hedgebanks, 

 banks, and heaths. The plant has the erect habit. 

 The stem is very hairy, often reddish, downy 

 above, leafy. The leaves are broad at the base, 

 egg-shaped, lance -shaped, toothed, the lower 

 stalked, the upper broader, stalkless, scarcely 



