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BRITISH FLORA 



are linear, yellow, cross-like. The capsules are 

 egg-shaped, narrow. The tree is 60-100 ft. high, 

 flowering- in March and April, and is a deciduous 

 tree. 



Sallow (Salix Caprea, L.). The habitat of this 

 willow is woods, copses, hedges, stream-sides, 

 &c. The habit is that of a small tree or shrub. 

 The stem is grey. The leaves are egg-shaped, 

 elliptic, lance-shaped, acute, with a long point, 

 scalloped, reticulate, cottony below, flat, wavy at 

 the border, deep-green, whitish above. The twigs 

 and buds are downy. The stipules are small, 

 narrow, rather kidney-shaped or moon-shaped. 

 The catkins are short, silky, with bracts, blunt 

 and thick, stalkless, the female longer, the male 

 oblong. The female catkins nod at length. The 

 scales are hairy. The style is short. The capsule 

 is silky. The stalk is slender. The Sallow is 

 10-30 ft. high, flowering before all others in April 

 and Maj r . 



Eared Sallow (Salix aiirita, L.). The habitat 

 of this species is woods, moist copses, heaths, &c. 

 The habit is as in the last, with straggling branches 

 with reddish twigs. The leaves are wrinkled 

 when young,, reddish, scalloped, crisped, stalked, 

 downy, netted below, the point hooked, edges 

 bent down. The buds are smooth. The stipules 

 are large, kidney-shaped, the catkins stalked. 

 The catkins appear before the leaves, are shorter 

 than in the last, the male egg-shaped, the female 

 cylindrical. The stigma is usually entire. The 

 style is short. The scales are persistent. The 

 capsule is cottony, narrower, awl - like, lance- 

 shaped. The Eared Sallow is 2-4 ft. in height, 

 flowering in April and May, and is a deciduous 

 shrub. 



Grey Sallow (Salix cinerea, L.). The habitat of 

 this species is woods and wet places. The plant 

 has the tree or shrub habit. The buds and twigs 

 are cottony. The leaves are elliptic to oblong, 

 lance-shaped, inversely egg-shaped, acute, toothed, 

 the borders wavy, downy above, bluish-white or 

 ashy (hence cinerea) below. The stipules are large, 

 half heart-shaped. The male catkins are not so 

 stout as in the Sallow, and open later. The 

 anthers are pale yellow, the anther-stalks hairy 

 at the base, the stigmas simple or divided into two 

 nearly to the base. The capsule is lance-shaped 

 and awl-like. The plant is 10-20 ft. high, flower- 

 ing from March to April, and is a deciduous shrub 

 or tree. 



ORDER ORCHIDACE^ 



Bird's Nest Orchis (Neottia Nidus-avis, Rich. ). 

 The habitat of this species is dark woods, 

 especially beech woods, but it grows also on ha/el, 

 like Toothwort. It is a saprophyte, with the 

 habit of a parasitical plant. The root is formed of 

 a mass of thick fibres (hence Bird's Nest). There 

 is a succulent rhizome. The stem is leafless, 

 thick, sheathing, brown, hairless, scales taking 

 the place of leaves. The numerous flowers form a 

 dense cylindrical spike, and are pale brown. The 

 lip is linear-oblong, bent down, the 2 lobes spread- 

 ing. The sepals and petals are hooded. The lip 



has a hollowed-out base. The anther is hinged to 

 the column, which is slender and free, 2-celled. 

 The 2 pollinia are powdery, the glands united 

 below. The stigma stands out. The rostellum is 

 tongue-shaped. The plant is 6-18 inches high, 

 flowering in June and July, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Lesser Twayblade (List era cordata, R. Br.). 

 The habitat of this species is mountain woods and 

 moors, turfy moors, and it is frequent in Scotland. 

 The habit is erect. The stem is short, slender, 

 hairless, angled, delicate, brownish-green. The 

 leaves are membranous, heart-shaped to egg- 

 shaped, acute, stalkless, opposite, paired. The 

 flowers are few, small, in a loose raceme, the 

 sepals and petals olive-brown, blunt, the tip dirty 

 yellow-green, with 4 lobes, 2 basal, 2 terminal, 

 linear. The column has no crest. The plant is 

 3-6 in. high, flowering from June to August, and 

 is a herbaceous perennial. 



Creeping Goodyera (Peramium (Goodyerd) 

 repens, Br.). The habitat of this plant is pine 

 and fir woods. The plant has a prostrate then 

 ascending orchid habit. The root is creeping 

 (hence repens), slender, matted. The whole plant 

 is covered with glands. The stem is slender, and 

 with the spike glandular, downy. The leaves are 

 stalked, egg-shaped, netted, downy below, acute, 

 dark green. The spike is slender with linear, awl- 

 like, lance-shaped, closely pressed bracts, longer 

 than the ovary. The flowers are spiral, small, 

 creamy-white. The sepals, petals, and the lip are 

 egg-shaped, lance-shaped. The plant is 4-10 in. 

 in height. It flowers from June to August, and is 

 a herbaceous perennial. 



Epipogium Gmelini, Rich. The habitat of this 

 plant is shady woods, amongst decaying leaves. 

 The plant is a leafless saprophyte, brownish. 

 The rhizome consists of short, thick, fleshy, 

 branched fibres. The stem is pale yellowish- 

 brown, sheathed, swollen above the base, with 

 1-2 closely-pressed bracts. The flowers are 2-6, 

 pale yellow, shortly stalked, in a raceme. The 

 sepals and petals are lance-shaped, acute, pale 

 yellow, nearly equal, with inrolled margins, the 

 middle lobe of the lip egg-shaped, furrowed, white, 

 with 4 rows of purple tubercles. The lip is bent 

 back, the lateral lobes are small. The spur is 

 blunt, very thick, and short. The ovary is broad 

 and short. The column is short, swollen above 

 the stigma to take the base of the anther. The 

 anther is terminal and falls. The 2 pollinia are 

 stalked, the glands united at the base. The 

 stigma is prominent, horseshoe-shaped. There 

 is no rostellum. The plant is 4-8 in. The plant 

 flowers in August and September, and is a herba- 

 ceous perennial. 



Broad-leaved Helleborine (Helleborine latifolia, 

 Sw.). The habitat of this orchid is woods, moun- 

 tain woods, &c. The habit is erect. The stem is 

 erect. The stem is downy above, solitary. The 

 leaves are many-veined, rounded, egg-shaped to 

 lance-shaped, oblong, longer than the internodes, 

 the upper ones egg-shaped, oblong. The sheaths 

 are close below. The bracts exceed the flowers, 



