WOODS AND COPSES 



the lower being- leaflike, narrow. The flowers are 

 pendulous, numerous, in a raceme, nearly all on one 

 side of the stalk, green, the lip purple, with white 

 or yellow margins. The sepals are broadly egg-- 

 shaped, the petals white, egg-shaped to lance- 

 shaped. The lip may be as long as or shorter than 

 the lance-shaped sepals. The labellum is round 

 to heart-shaped with a bent-down point, broader 

 than long, scalloped. The terminal lobes have 

 thickened ridges on the disk. The flower-stalk is 

 shorter than the ovary. The basal hunches are 

 smooth. The plant is 1-3 ft. in height, flower- 

 ing in July and August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Helleborine atroviridis, W. R. Linton. This 

 species is found in Derbyshire and elsewhere, and 

 closely resembles the last, from which it is dis- 

 tinguished by the labellum having 2 side hunches 

 and i median, linear hunch. 



Helleborine violacea, Bor. =H.purpurata, Druce. 

 The habitat of this species is woods. The habit 

 is like that of H. latifolia. The plant grows in 

 clusters. The stem and leaves are purple-tinted. 

 The lower leaves are 3-4 by \\-2 in., egg-shaped, 

 lance-shaped, the upper narrowed, passing into 

 slender bracts, and the latter are longer than the 

 oblong, downy ovaries. The flowers are violet- 

 purple. The sepals are oblong to lance-shaped, 

 more pointed than in H. latifolia. The tip of the 

 lip is as broad as long, and sub-triangular, less 

 than the sepals and petals. The hunches are 

 plaited, scalloped. The stalks are shorter than 

 the downy ovary. The label is longer than broad, 

 entire, with a narrow point. The plant is 1-3 ft. 

 in height, flowering in August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Large White "Ke[\&\)or\n&(Cephalanthera pattens, 

 Rich. = C. Damasonium, Druce). The habitat of 

 this species is woods and copses. The habit is erect, 

 the stem tufted. The leaves are oval to oblong, 

 lance-shaped, the upper narrower, the bracts 

 longer than the hairless ovary. The flowers are 

 creamy-white, distant, nearly erect. The sepals 

 and petals are egg-shaped to oblong, blunt. The 

 terminal lobe of the lip is rounded, erect, yellow. 

 The lip has raised, longitudinal lines. The plant 

 is 9-18 in. in height, and flowers in May and June, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Narrow-leaved Helleborine (Cephalanthera ensi- 

 foh'a, Rich. = C. longifolia, Fritsch). The habitat 

 of this plant is hilly woods and copses. The habit 

 is erect, the stem nearly solitary, slender. The 

 leaves are egg-shaped, lance-shaped, not so long 

 as in the last species. The bracts are not so long 

 as the hairless ovary, the upper minute. The 

 flowers are white, and narrower. The sepals, 

 especially the outer, are more acute. The lip has 

 several raised white lines and a yellow spot in 

 front, and is blunt. The plant is 1-2 ft. in height, 

 flowering in May, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Red Helleborine (Cephalanthera rubra, Rich.). 

 The habitat of this plant is woods and copses. 

 The habit is erect. The stem is slender, red- 

 tinted. The leaves are lance-shaped, acute, and 

 the bracts are longer than the glandular, downy 



ovary. The flowers are open, few or many, 

 purple or rose colour. The lip is white, with a 

 purple border as long as the petals, with many 

 wavy, longitudinal lines, the terminal lobe egg- 

 shaped, lance -shaped. The sepals and petals 

 have a long, narrow point. The point is 6-18 in. 

 high, flowering in June and July, and is a herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



True Military Orchis (Orchis militaris, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is chalky hills and woods. 

 The habit is erect. The tubers are egg-shaped. 

 The leaves are large, 3-5 in., oblong, blunt, con- 

 cave, without spots. The bracts are short, i- 

 nerved. The flowers are bright or pale purple, 

 in an oblong dense spike. The sepals and petals 

 have a narrow point. The petals are pale purple 

 or white. The lip is pale, with raised rough 

 points, 3-lobed, the lobes oblong, crimson, with 

 purple dots. The basal lobes are narrow, the 

 lateral lobes linear, the middle broader, suddenly 

 widened, 2 - lobed, with an intermediate tooth, 

 entire at the tip, broad. The helmet, formed by 

 the hooded sepals which include the petals, is 

 rose-coloured. The spur is about half as long as 

 the ovary, bent down, blunt. The plant is i-i ft. 

 high, flowering in May and June, and is a herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



Monkey Orchis (Orchis Simia, Lam.). The 

 habitat of this plant is chalky hills, woods on cal- 

 careous soil. The plant is not so large as the last, 

 more slender. The bracts are minute. The lip 

 is long, narrow, i -veined, with an intermediate 

 bristle -like tooth. The lobes are equal in size 

 and resemble in form the legs, arms, and tail of 

 a monkey (hence Simici), and are rose-purple, 

 linear, long, entire. The middle lobes are very 

 narrow. The sepals are acute, meeting to form 

 an egg-shaped hood. The helmet is rose-colour 

 outside, paler within. The spur is half as long as 

 the ovary. The plant is 6-12 in. high, and flowers 

 in May, being a herbaceous perennial. 



Lizard Orchis (Orchis hircina, Crantz). The 

 habitat of this plant is copses, bushy chalk hills, 

 and grassy places. The habit is erect, the stem 

 tall. The tubers are egg-shaped. The leaves are 

 mostly radical, oblong, blunt. The bracts exceed 

 the flowers. The flowers are large, purplish- 

 white, loose, in a long spike, with a hircine, goat- 

 like (hence hircind), fetid scent. The sepals and 

 petals form a green hood, the lateral sepals con- 

 niving. The lip is 3-lobed, white, with purple 

 spots below, spiral in bud, the lateral lobes wavy, 

 narrow, the middle broad, green, twisted. The 

 spur is short and conical. The pollen-glands are 

 united. The plant is 1-2 ft. high, flowering in 

 June and July, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Orchis cruenta, Muell. This rare species is 

 found in Cumberland and Westmorland. It is 

 closely allied to O. latifolia^ but differs in having 

 the leaves broadest in the middle, short, blunt. 

 The plant is 712 in. in height, and flowers in June 

 and July, being a herbaceous perennial. 



Man Orchis (Aceras anthropophora, R.Br.). 

 The habitat of this plant is copses, pastures, dry 

 chalky places. The habit is erect. The root-knobs 



