WOODS AND COPSES 



77 



creeping- rhizome. The plant is tufted. The 

 leaves are hooded, broad, the edges and midribs 

 roug-h as well as the sheaths, the upper sheath 

 not longer than its leaf. The ligule is blunt 

 and very short. The panicle is branched. The 

 spikelets are oval, with 3-5 acute, not webbed 

 florets, the lower pale with 5 hairless veins. The 

 plant is 2-5 ft. high, flowering in June and July, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Great Brome Grass (Festuca gigantea, Vill.). 

 The habitat of this plant is woods and shady 

 places, moist thickets, damp woods, hedgebanks. 

 The plant has the grass habit. The root is 

 fibrous. The stem is smooth, round, nodding. 

 The leaves are very long, broad, flat, rough both 

 sides, except near the base below, linear, lance- 

 shaped, limp, bright-green, finely furrowed. The 

 sheaths are smooth. The ligule is unequal, 

 auriclud. The panicle is open, drooping, branched. 

 The spikelets are linear, egg-shaped, pale-green, 

 and bear 3-8 florets, roughish, and the awn is 

 slender, wavy, twice as long as the flowering 

 glume. The empty glumes are lance-shaped, the 

 flowering glumes divided into 2 nearly to the base. 

 The plant is 2-4 ft. high, flowering in July and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Various -leaved Fescue (Fesfuca heterophylla, 

 Lam.). The habitat of this plant is woods and 

 plantations. The stem is tall. The plant is not 

 stoloniferous. The radical leaves are long, bristle- 

 like, densely tufted. The stem-leaves are flat. 

 The panicle is long, loose. The plant is 1-2 ft. 

 high, flowering in June and July, and is a herba- 

 ceous perennial. 



Great Wood Brome Grass (Festuca sylvatica, 

 Vill.). The habitat of this plant is woods in hilly 

 and mountainous districts. The habit is the grass 

 habit. The root is fibrous, the stolons sheathed. 

 The stem is stiffly erect, smooth, rounded, sheathed 

 below, the sheaths tufted, acute, broad, smooth, 

 overlapping, the lower loose. The leaves are 

 broad, green, with a rough edge. The ligules 

 of the upper sheaths are long. The panicle is 

 spreading, open, nodding, branched, erect, with 

 branches one side of the stalk. The rachis is 

 long, slender, rough. The 3-5 flowering glumes 

 are acute, rough, without an awn. The top of the 

 ovary is hairv. The spikelets are egg-shaped, 

 flat, pale yellow-green, the empty glumes linear 

 to awl-like. The plant is 2-3 ft. high, flowering 

 in July and August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Sylvan False Brome Grass (Brachypodium 



sylvaticum, R. and S.). The habitat of this plant 

 is copses, woods, hedges, and hedgerows. The 

 plant has the grass habit. The root is fibrous. 

 The stems are erect, very slender, rounded, in- 

 clined, leafy, solitary or 2-3 from the same root. 

 The leaves are broad, flat, hairy, bright-green, 

 linear-lance-shaped, limp, fringed with hairs. 

 The sheaths are hairy, round. The ligule is short, 

 blunt, torn, or notched. The spike is drooping, 

 with a flattened rachis, smooth and slender. The 

 spikelets are rounded, alternate, in two rows, 

 linear, appressed, hairy or smooth, green. The 

 empty glumes are 3-5 -nerved, the flowering 

 glumes 8-10, linear -oblong, the tip long and 

 narrow, awned, the awn as long- as the glume, 

 those of the upper flowers longer than the hairy 

 palea. The plant is 1-3 ft. High, flowering in 

 June, July, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Dog's Wheat Grass (Agropyron caninum, 

 Beauv.). The habitat of this grass is woods, 

 shady places, hedges, banks, and waste places. 

 The plant has the grass habit. The root is fibrous. 

 The stems are bright-green, erect, slender. The 

 leaves are flat, rough both sides, ribbed, slender 

 on the upper surface. The spike is slender, wavy, 

 close, nodding. The spikelets are slender, green, 

 2-5-flowered, with 3-5 ribs, with a short stalk, 

 downy or smooth. The 2 empty glumes are 

 rough, shortly awned, the awn long 1 and rough, 

 3-nerved, firm, the flowering glumes linear-lance- 

 shaped, 5-nerved at the tip, the awn rough, 

 longer or shorter than the palea. The plant is 

 1-3 ft. high, flowering in June till August, and is 

 a herbaceous perennial. 



Wood "Ba.r\ey(Hordcumsylvaticum, Huds. =Ely- 

 nnis europceus, L.). The habitat of this species is 

 woods, thickets, copses. The plant has the grass 

 habit. The plant is bright-green. The stems are 

 rigid, erect, smooth. The leaves are broad, flat, 

 thin, rough. The sheaths are hairy, with bent- 

 back hairs. The ligule is very short. The spike 

 is nearly rounded, rough, rigid, erect, green. 

 The spikelets are erect, nearly stalkless, sometimes 

 with a second flower. The glumes are awl-like, 

 rough, not fringed with hairs. The lateral flowers 

 are perfect, the middle male. The flowering 

 glumes are linear to oblong, rough, shorter than 

 the awn, which is straight and wavy, nerved. The 

 empty glumes are long-awned, awl-like, rough. 

 The fruit is narrow. The plant is 1-3 ft. high, 

 flowering in June and July, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



