LAKES, RIVERS, DITCHES, ETC. 



103 



ORDER HYPERICACE^E 



Hypericum maculatum, Cr. The habitat of this 

 plant is moist places. The plant differs from 

 H. quadrangulum (q.v.) in the leaves, which are 

 narrower, and the sepals, which have small teeth ; 

 and the latter are turned back, with many black 

 dots on the outside. For other details see the 

 above species, which this one resembles in other 

 respects. 



Square-stalked St. John's Wort (Hypericum 

 quadrangulum, L.). The habitat of this plant is 

 copses, wet and moist places. The habit is erect. 

 The stems are 4-angIed (hence quadrangulum), 

 and erect. The leaves are broad, elliptic, ovate, 

 oblong", rounded, with few or no pellucid dots or 

 glands, blunt. The upper leaves are half-clasp- 

 ing, the veins and net-like connections being 1 pel- 

 lucid. The flowers are yellow, cymose, with 

 sepals erect or bent back, oblong or lance-shaped. 

 The petals are broad and glandular. The style is 

 half as long as the capsule. The carpels have 

 many vittae. The capsule opens by septa. The 

 seeds are oblong-. The plant is 1-2 ft. in height, 

 flowering- from July to September, and is a herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



Hypericum tetrapterum, Fr. = H. quadratum, 

 Stokes = H. acuhim, Moench. The habitat of 

 this plant is moist places. The habit is as in the 

 last. The stem is erect, 4-angled, with narrow 

 wings. The leaves may be heart-shaped below, 

 broadly ovate, oblong, with pellucid glands and 

 dots, and reticulations. The flowers are yellow 

 and form a dense cyme. The sepals are lance- 

 shaped, erect, with glands, long-pointed. The 

 styles are not as long as the capsule, which has 

 many vittce. The plant is 1-2 ft. in height, and 

 flowers in July and August, being a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



ORDER ROSACES 



Rnbus Iftcits/ris, Rogers. The habitat of this 

 plant is lakes and streams and hedges. The 

 habit is slightly arching. The stem hns fine, 

 numerous, long, white hairs, and is somewhat 

 furrowed. The prickles are numerous, short, with 

 a stout base. The leaves are 5-lobed, small. 

 The leaflets are narrow, sharply toothed, with 

 compound teeth towards the point. The panicle 

 is rather broadly cylindrical, with many strong, 

 turned-down, and sickle-like prickles and pricklets. 

 The flowers are numerous, handsome, and star- 

 like in sunshine. The stamens are numerous and 

 long, exceeding the green styles. The plant re- 

 sembles R. Lindebergii, differing in the weak, 

 slightly-furrowed stem, narrow, thin leaflets with 

 compound teeth above, and many broad compound 

 panicles. 



ORDER SAXIFRAGACE^E 



Alternate - leaved Saxifrage (Chrysospleninm 

 alternifolium, L.). The habitat of this plant is 

 banks of streams and wet places. The plant is 

 erect in habit, branched at the top, otherwise 

 simple, tufted, smooth above, with soft white 



hairs below. The radical leaves have long stalks, 

 kidney-shaped, scalloped with notched crenatures. 

 The stem-leaves are few, with acute crenatures. 

 The leaves are alternate (hence alternifolium). 

 The flowers are deep-yellow, and form an umbel, 

 or dense cyme, being nearly stalkless. The parts 

 are in fours. The sepals are blunt and spreading. 

 The capsule is nearly inferior, with short beaks. 

 There are 8-12 stamens. The plant is 2-4 in. in 

 height, flowering in April and June, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER HALORAGACE^E 



Mare's Tail (Hippuris -vulgar is, L.). The 

 habitat of this plant is margins of lakes, ponds, 

 &c., stagnant water, slow streams, ditches. The 

 habit is erect. The stems are erect, simple, or 

 branched below. The rootstock is submerged, 

 stout, and creeping. There are long, limp, sub- 

 merged, transparent leaves, which are thin and 

 broad, without hard tips. The leaves are close, 

 in whorls, 6-12, linear, acute, with a hard point. 

 The flowers are borne in the axils of the leaves, 

 and are green, apetalous, stalkless. The anthers 

 are red. The fruit is a drupe, green, smooth, and 

 very small. The plant is 6-24 in. in height, 

 flowering in June and July, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Whorled Milfoil (Myriophyllum -verticiUatum, 

 L.). The habitat of this species is ponds, ditches. 

 The habit is aquatic. The rootstock is creeping. 

 The stems are floating, leafy. The leaves are in 

 whorls, 5 in a whorl, divided nearly to the base, 

 with awl-like segments, distant, hair-like, collaps- 

 ing when moved from the water. The spike is 

 long, erect in bud, the flowers white, in axillary 

 whorls. The bracts are in whorls of five, divided 

 nearly to the base, or pectinate, longer than the 

 flowers. There are no flowers in the upper axils. 

 The anthers are linear. The fruit is nearly round, 

 green, with carpels round on the back. The plant 

 is floating, or submerged, flowering in July and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Alternate-leaved Milfoil (Myriophyllum alterni- 

 folium, D.C.). The habitat of this plant is ponds 

 and ditches, streams, &c. The habit is aquatic. 

 The plant has the same habit as the next, but is 

 more slender. The leaves are in whorls of 3, sub- 

 merged. The flowers are borne on a leafless 

 spike, curved at the tip in bud, then erect, the 

 sterile flowers alternate, 6, and the fertile flowers 

 are about 3 in axillary whorls below. The bracts 

 of the female flowers are pectinate, in whorls of 

 3 or 4, longer than the flowers. Those of the 

 male flowers are alternate or opposite, entire or 

 serrate, shorter than the flowers. The flowers 

 are not so numerous as in the next species. The 

 plant is submerged. It flowers from June to 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Spiked Milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is ponds and ditches. 

 The habit is as in the Whorled Milfoil. The 

 leaves are four in a whorl. The flowers are borne 

 in a spike, erect in bud, and the bracts are small, 



