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BRITISH FLORA 



folium, L.=S. erectum, Huds.). The habitat of 

 this plant is wet places, ditches, &c. The habit 

 is erect. The rootstock is creeping-, with stolons, 

 bearing- leaves at the joints. The stem is leafy, 

 round, finely furrowed, erect. The leaves are 

 pinnate, large, with the leaflets in the radical 

 leaves stalkless, regularly toothed, ovate to ob- 

 long, those of the upper leaves irregularly coarsely 

 toothed, lance-shaped, few, smaller. The flowers 

 are small, with few lateral umbels, with a leaf 

 opposite. The rays are few and unequal. The 

 bracts are numerous, lance-shaped, entire or irre- 

 gularly lobed. The fruit is not so long as in the 

 last, with fewer vittse, and conical disk-lobes. The 

 plant is 1-3 ft. high, flowering in July and August, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Horsebane (CEnanthe Phellandrium, Lam. = 

 CE. aquatica, Poir.). The habitat of this plant 

 is ponds and wet ditches, pools in peaty places. 

 The plant is erect in habit, or floating and ascend- 

 ing. The stem is erect, spindle-shaped below, 

 thick, stoloniferous, the flowering shoot dying 

 down each year, the plant being continued by off- 

 sets. The leaves are twice or thrice pinnate, 

 finely divided, the segments much divided, the 

 submerged leaves hairy, with spreading, hair-like 

 segments. The aerial leaves have broad, small, 

 blunt lobes, ovate, cut, spreading, the segments 

 numerous, acute, pale -green. The flowers are 

 white, in lateral umbels, opposite the leaves, with 

 7-10 rays, and numerous bracteoles. The outer 

 florets are sometimes irregular. The fruit is round 

 in section, ovate, narrow to oblong, twice as long 

 as the styles, which are slender and wavy. The 

 ultimate flower-stalk is not thickened above. The 

 plant is 1-4 ft. high, flowering from July to Sep- 

 tember, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER VALERIANACE^E 



Valerian (Valerlana sambuctfoHa, Mikan). 

 The habitat of this plant is wet meadows, banks 

 of streams, river-sides, damp woods. The habit 

 is erect. The plant resembles V. officinalis 

 ( V. mikanii), of which it has been considered a 

 variety, but here there are 4-6 pairs of lance- 

 shaped leaflets, which are toothed all round. The 

 leaves are pinnate, alternate. The leaflets in the 

 radical leaves are ovate to acute, those of the 

 stem-leaves oblong to lance -shaped, toothed on 

 both edges. The terminal leaflets of the radical 

 leaves are sometimes the largest. The plant pro- 

 duces large stolons. The plant is 2-4 ft. in height. 

 The flowers bloom from June to August, and the 

 plant is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER COMPOSURE 



Pearl Everlasting (Antennaria (Anaphalis) 

 margaritacea, C. B. Clarke). The habitat of this 

 plant is stream-sides. The plant has more or less 

 the shrub habit. The stem is erect, stout, cottony, 

 branched above, leafy. The leaves are linear to 

 lance-shaped, acute, clothed with white and buff 

 cottony down, more so below, and are alternate, 



stalkless, half-clasping. The flowers are yellow 

 or brownish-white, the heads of the male florets 

 rounded, those of the female bell -shaped, borne 

 in a compound corymb. The involucre is white. 

 The involucral bracts are oblong, brown below, 

 white above, and radiating. The plant is 2-3 ft. 

 in height, and flowers in July and August, being 

 a herbaceous perennial. 



Marsh Cudweed (Gnaphalium ul-iginosum, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is damp places, espec- 

 ially on light soils, wet sandy places, moist places 

 generally. The habit is erect. The whole plant 

 is cottony above, rarely hairless. The stems are 

 numerous, erect, prostrate below, or ascending, 

 much-branched. The leaves are narrow, linear 

 to lance-shaped, swollen upwards, acute or blunt, 

 cottony both sides, and the leaf-stalk does not clasp 

 the stem. The flowerheads are yellowish-brown, 

 collected in terminal, dense clusters, not so long 

 as the leaves, at the end of the stem and branches. 

 The involucre is yellowish-brown, the bracts nar- 

 row, more or less acute. The achenes are very 

 small and smooth. The plant is 2-6 in. in height, 

 flowering between July and September, and is a 

 herbaceous annual. 



Bur Marigold (Bidens cernua, L.). The habi- 

 tat of this plant is watery places. The plant is 

 erect in habit. The stems are stout, succulent, 

 round in section, branched above, leafy, with op- 

 posite branches. The leaves are in pairs, united 

 below, stalkless, entire, oblong to lance-shaped, 

 coarsely toothed. The flowerheads are drooping, 

 solitary, terminal. The flower -stalks bear no 

 bracts. The outer phyllaries are spreading, or 

 turned back, leafy, the inner not so long, broadly 

 oblong, blunt, with black streaks. The florets 

 are brownish-yellow. There are few ray florets, 

 which are broad, or wanting. The fruit is wedge- 

 shaped, with 3-4 bristles, narrow to inversely 

 ovoid. The pappus bristles are barbed. The 

 plant is 1-2 feet high, and flowers from July to 

 October, being a herbaceous perennial. 



Broad-leaved Ragwort (Senecio sarracenicus, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is river-sides, moist 

 meadows, watery places. The plant is erect in 

 habit. The rootstock, which is creeping, bears 

 stolons. The stem is solid, stout, erect, leafy, 

 smooth. The leaves are smooth, linear to oblong, 

 stalkless, acute, irregularly toothed, the lower 

 leaves being shortly-stalked, the lowest half-clasp- 

 ing and auricled. The flowerheads are numerous, 

 in loose, terminal, downy corymbs, with a short 

 flower-stalk, bearing bracts. The involucre is 

 broadly bell-shaped, the outer phyllaries awl-like, 

 the inner linear-oblong, with brown tips. There 

 are few (6-7) ray florets. The florets are yellow. 

 The fruit is smooth. The plant attains a height 

 of 3-5 feet. It flowers in July and August, and is 

 a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER CAMPANULACE^E 



Water Lobelia (Lobelia Dortmanni, L.). The 

 habitat of this plant is gravelly mountain lake- 

 bottoms. The plant has the rosette habit. The 



