LAKES, RIVERS, DITCHES, ETC. 



i ii 



shaped, 6-angled, with carpels that separate. 

 The seeds are mucilaginous. The plant is 6-18 

 in. in height, flowering from June to August, and 

 is a herbaceous perennial. 



Canadian Waterweed or Water-Thyme (Elodea 

 canadensis, Michx. = A nacharis alsinastrum, Bab. ). 

 The habitat of this plant is ponds, ditches, 

 canals, streams. The habit is aquatic. The 

 plant is dark-green, but transparent. The stems 

 are long, brittle, round, rooting at the nodes, 

 branched. The leaves are in whorls of 3-4, num- 

 erous, stalkless, close, oval or oblong, linear or 

 lance-shaped, blunt, with small, coarse teeth. 

 The flowers are greenish-purple, floating, with a 

 long, slender tube, 3-8 in., which is a bifid spathe, 

 with a stalkless ovary below. Only the female 

 flowers are known in this country, except at Edin- 

 burgh, where the male flower has been found. 

 The sepals are broad, nearly equal, boat-shaped, 

 tinged with green and pink externally, hooded, 

 bent inwards. The petals are oblong, bent-back, 

 flat, transparent. The stigma is long, round in 

 section, notched. There are no anthers. The 

 anther-stalks are at first curved outwards, erect, 

 linear, blunt. The plant is 1-4 ft. in length or 

 height, flowering from July to October, and is a 

 herbaceous perennitil. 



ORDER J UNCACE^E 



Common Hard Rush (Juncus glaucus, Ehrh. = 

 /. inflcxus, L.). The habitat of this plant is wet, 

 stiff soils, wet places. The plant has the rush 

 habit. The stem is coarsely, deeply furrowed, 

 slender, rigid, bluish-green. The pith is inter- 

 rupted. The sheaths are dark. The leaves, if 

 present, are reduced. The panicle is much- 

 branched, loose. The perianth-segments are nar- 

 row, linear, lance-shaped, awl-like, as long as the 

 capsule. There are 6 stamens. The capsule is 

 black, ovoid, elliptic to oblong, mucronate. The 

 plant is 1-3 ft. high, flowering in July and August, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Thread Rush (Juncus filiformis, L.). The 

 habitat of this plant is lake margins, stony and 

 gravelly margins of lakes. The plant has the 

 rush habit. There is a creeping roocsiock. The 

 stems are slender, finely furrowed, wiry, pale- 

 green. The pith is interrupted. There are no 

 leaves. The panicle or cyme is small, stalkless, 

 with few flowers, about the middle of the stem. 

 The perianth-segments are longer than the cap- 

 sule, lance-shaped, acute. There are 6 stamens, 

 with anthers shorter than the anther-stalks. The 

 capsule is blunt, top-shaped, with a short, abrupt 

 point. The seeds are very small. The plant is 

 6-8 in. in height, flowering in July and August, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER ERIOCAULACE^ 



Pipe-wort (Eriocaulon septangulare, With. =E. 

 articulatum, Morong.). The habitat of this plant 

 is shallow lakes. The plant is tufted in habit. 

 The rootstock is creeping, with cellular, white 



roots of jointed fibres. The leaves are awl-like, 

 flattened at the margin, green, translucent, 

 septate, smooth. The flowers are unisexual, 

 borne on a scape, twisted, with 6-8 furrows, 

 longer than the leaves. The flowers are 4-cleft, 

 hairy at the end, as well as the scales, in a com- 

 pact scaly head. The fertile flowers are 4-partite. 

 The parts are in twos, the outer segments being 

 dark, bearded at the tip, the inner fringed with 

 hairs with a black spot at the tip. The lateral 

 flowers have the divisions keeled, flattened, blunt, 

 fringed. Each flower has a scale, black and 

 blunt, shorter and broader. The anthers are 

 dark. The ovary is stalked. The capsule is 

 2-celled. The plant is 6 in. to 2 ft. high, flower- 

 ing in July and August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



ORDER TYPHACEJE 



Sparganium ncglectum, Beeby( = 5. erectunt, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is wet places. It has 

 been regarded as a variety of 5. ramosum. The 

 inflorescence is, however, less branched and 

 spreading. The stem is branched above. The 

 radical leaves are 3-angled below. The perianth- 

 segments of the female flowers are narrow, i- 

 nerved, the tip enlarged. The stigma is linear 

 to lance-shaped. The ripe fruit is oblong to in- 

 versely ovoid, with obscure angles narrowed 

 gradually into a long tapering beak. The plant 

 flowers from June to August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Unbranched Bur Reed (Sparganium simplex, 

 Huds.). The habitat of this plant is ditches and 

 streams, ponds, river-banks. The plant is erect 

 in habit or ascending. The stem is simple. The 

 leaves are 3-angled at the base, keeled, erect, 

 long, floating, with flat sides. The heads are 

 numerous, racemose. The male heads are sev- 

 eral, yellow, stalkless. The female are stalked, 

 especially below. The stigma is linear, awl-like. 

 The fruit is a drupe, shortly-stalked, more or less 

 spindle-shaped, elliptic, narrowed both ends. The 

 beak is long. The seeds are smooth. The plant 

 is 1-3 ft. high, flowering in July and August, and 

 is a herbaceous perennial. 



True Floating Bur Reed (Sparganium natans, 

 L.=S. affinc, Schultz). The habitat of this plant 

 is lakes, ditches, pools. The habit is as in the 

 last. The stem is simple, limp, rather thick, sub- 

 erect in flower, leafy, floating above. The leaves 

 are floating, flat at the base, not keeled, long, 

 linear, limp, the base swollen, sheathing, concave, 

 grass-green. The heads are racemose, numerous, 

 distant, stalked, the lower fertile ones, the male 

 heads numerous, stalkless. The stigma is tongue- 

 shaped, linear to lance-shaped. The fruit is a 

 drupe, stalked, oblong, not longer than the beak, 

 which is long, awl-like, spindle-shaped. The 

 plant is 1-3 ft. long, flowering in July and August, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Sparganium minimum, Fr. The habitat of this 

 plant is lakes and ditches. The stem is simple, 

 limp, slender. The leaves are linear, floating, 

 blunt, not swollen below, pale, long, transparent. 



