136 



BRITISH FLORA 



plant is 9-18 in. high, flowering" from June to Sep- 

 tember, and is a herbaceous annual. 



Whorled Bristle Grass (Setaria -verticillata, 



Beauv.). This species is found in cultivated fields. 



The habit is as in S. -viridis. The panicle is 

 narrower, spike-like. The bristles are barbed, 

 single or paired, the teeth turned down. The 

 lower palea is smooth. The plant is 9-18 in. high, 

 flowering from June to September, and is a herb- 

 aceous annual. 



Canary Grass (Phalaris canariensis, L.). 

 Canary grass is found in fields and waste places. 

 The stem is erect, roughish, with a compound 

 terminal panicle. The leaves are flat, the upper 

 sheaths enlarged. The ligule is large. The flowers 

 are in an ovoid or more or less cylindrical spike- 

 like panicle, which is pale-green. The spikelets 

 are rounded. The empty glumes are membranous, 

 acute, with broad, entire wings, a green keel, 2 

 nerves, and are stout, pale-yellow, variegated with 

 green lines. The flowering glumes are shorter, 

 silky, with obscure nerves. There are 2 rudiment- 

 ary florets or scales, lance-shaped, acute, half as 

 long as the fertile flowers. The plant is 1-2 ft., 

 flowering from June to September, and is a herb- 

 aceous annual. 



Phalaris minor, Retz. This plant is a casual 

 introduced with Turkish barley. The stem bears 

 a single head. The plant is more slender than 

 the common Canary Grass. The panicle is longer, 

 narrower, with smaller, more numerous florets, 

 and with a narrower, toothed keel to the glume. 

 The panicle is cylindrical to oblong, spike-like. 

 The glumes have the keel winged above, the wing 

 toothed near the tip. There is i rudimentary 

 floret, narrow, downy, one-third as long as the 

 fertile florets. The lower palea is downy, enclos- 

 ing the upper, which is narrower and shorter, 

 with a fringe of hairs on the keel. The plant is 

 1-3 ft. high, flowering in June and July, and is a 

 herbaceous annual. 



Phalaris paradoxa, L. The habitat of this 

 species is waste places. The stem is prostrate 

 below, then ascending, branched. The lower part 

 of the spike-like panicle is barren, and there are 

 6 spikes on a branch. The glumes of the fertile 

 florets have a wing on the keel which has blunt 

 teeth, and is many-veined. There are several 

 rudimentary florets. The plant is 1-3 ft. high, 

 flowering from June to July, and is a herbaceous 

 annual. 



Large Quaker Grass (Briza maxima, L.). 

 This species is an occasional escape from gardens, 

 and is cultivated in England. It is naturalized in 

 Guernsey. The spikelets are few, ovate, large, 

 many-flowered. It is i-ij ft. high, flowering in 

 May and June, and is a herbaceous annual. 



Festuca cilia/a, Danth. ( = F. barbata, Gaud. = 

 F. Danthonii, A. & G.). This plant is a casual 

 near Brighton. The leaves are rolled inwards. 

 The upper sheath nearly reaches the long, narrow, 

 erect, close panicle. The glumes are very un- 

 equal, fringed with hairs (hence ciliata}. The 

 plant is 6-9 in. high, flowering in June and July, 

 and is a herbaceous annual. 



Sterile Hedge Brome Grass (Bromus sterilis, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is fields and waste 

 places, cultivated ground. The root is fibrous. 

 The stems are erect, smooth, leafy. The leaves 

 are flat, downy, broad, limp, ribbed. The sheaths 

 are flattened, smooth or downy. The panicle is 

 very loose, open, drooping, with few long branches, 

 horizontal or drooping, in half whorls. The spike- 

 lets are more or less solitary, linear, lance-shaped, 

 the florets distant. They have long awns, and 

 are nodding and green. The empty glumes are 

 long, narrow, the upper twice as long, the flower- 

 ing glumes are very narrow, ending in a long, 

 straight awn, with 7 ribs, equally distant, the 

 margins transparent. The plant is 1-2 ft. high, 

 flowering in June and July, and is a herbaceous 

 annual. 



Little Wall Brome (Bromus madritensis, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is dry places, sandy 

 waste places. It is rough above, smooth below. 

 The stems are rigid, from an ascending base, 

 smooth, leafy. The leaves are narrow, flat, hairy. 

 The sheaths have the hairs turned back, and are 

 round in section. The ligule is short and blunt. 

 The panicle is very loose, open, erect, with few, 

 short, hardly divided, erect branches, oblong, 

 flattened, appressed. The rachis is slender and 

 rough (like the pedicels). The spikelets are dull- 

 green, with a smooth rachilla. The spikelets are 

 linear, lance -shaped. The florets are distant, 

 linear, more or less cylindrical. The lower empty 

 glumes are awl-like, half as long as the upper, 

 which are linear. The flowering glumes are 

 narrow, rough, with 7 close, lateral nerves, the 

 intermediate rib faint, the tip and margins trans- 

 parent. The awn is slender, not longer than the 

 florets. There are 2 stamens. The plant is 6-12 

 in. high, flowering in June and July, and is a herb- 

 aceous annual. 



Field Brome Grass (Bromus aruensis, L.). This 

 grass is found in this country in corn- and clover- 

 fields, being introduced with seeds and foreign 

 grain and hay. It has become naturalized in 

 many parts south of Fife. The root is creeping, 

 fibrous. The stems are smooth. The leaves are 

 hairy below, flat, short. The sheaths are hairy 

 and grooved. The ligule is blunt. The panicle is 

 compound, pyramidal, spreading, drooping, with 

 branches horizontal at length, 5~7-divided, long, 

 roughish, slender, with a few spikelets towards 

 the apex. The spikelets are lance-shaped, linear. 

 The lower flower-stalks are branched, pointed, 

 green or dull-violet. The rachilla is smooth. The 

 empty glumes are ovate to oblong, with a rough 

 keel, the upper largest, acute, or with a short 

 awn. The flowering glumes are overlapping at 

 first, as long as the straight awn. The lower 

 palea is 7-ribbed, with 2 prominent ribs near the 

 margin and sides. The top of the upper glume 

 is halfway to the top of the fourth floret. The 

 anthers are 4 times as long as broad. The plant 

 is 1-3 ft. high, flowering from June to August, and 

 is a herbaceous annual. 



Bromus interruptus, Druce. The habitat of this 

 species is cultivated ground. The plant is like 



