BOGS AND MARSHES 



moist pastures, in the N. of England and S. of 

 Scotland. The plant has the rosette habit. The 

 leaves are green above, not wrinkled, very mealy 

 below, mealy white or yellow (hence farinosd), 

 with a waxy secretion which prevents the stomata 

 from being clogged, inversely egg - shaped to 

 spoon-shaped, lance-shaped, scalloped, blunt or 

 acute, without hairs above. The flowers are in 

 an umbel, borne on a scape or not (rarely), pale- 

 lilac, with a yellow centre, but vary, and are erect 

 or spreading, crowded. The lobes of the calyx 

 are longer than the tube, not so long as the corolla- 

 tube, linear. The calyx is inversely egg-shaped 

 to acute, mealy. The lobes of the corolla are far 

 apart, flat, inversely egg-shaped, wedge-shaped, 

 rounded below, divided into 2 nearly to the base. 

 The limb is flat, the lobes are as long as the tube, 

 and the tube has folds in the throat, with a narrow 

 mouth. The capsule is twice as long as the tube, 

 cylindrical to oblong. The stigma is pin-headed. 

 The plant is 2-9 in. high, flowering in June and 

 July, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Highland Primrose (Primula sco/tca. Hook.). 

 The habitat of this species is sandy heaths, turfy 

 places near the coast, and pastures. The plant 

 resembles P. farinosa in habit (q.v.). The leaves 

 are inversely egg-shaped to lance-shaped, green 

 above, mealy below. The flowers are in umbels, 

 bluish-purple, with a yellow centre. The calyx is 

 swollen, the teeth short, egg-shaped, blunt, as 

 long as the tube, shorter than the corolla- tube. 

 The corolla-lobes are inversely heart-shaped, close, 

 concealing half the tube, the limb flat. The stigma 

 has 5 points. The ovary is rounded. The capsule 

 is scarcely longer than the calyx, oblong. The 

 plant is 1-4 in., flowering from May to September, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. The flowers are 

 homomorphic. Pollination is otherwise as in 

 P. vulgaris. The seeds are blown out of the 

 capsule, open above, by the wind. 



Tufted Loosestrife (Lysimachia thyrsijlora, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is marshes in the N. 

 ot Britain and canal-banks. The habit is erect. 

 The rootstock is creeping, the plant stoloniferous. 

 The stem is simple and stout. The leaves are 

 opposite, rarely in whorls, stalkless, lance-shaped, 

 the lower not so large, the upper larger, with 

 black dots. The flowers are small, yellow, in 

 dense racemes, in the lower axils, cylindric, on 

 long stalks more or less erect. The ultimate 

 flower-stalks are as long as the calyx. The lobes 

 are linear, dotted. The corolla is bell-shaped, 

 divided nearly to the base into 5 narrow segments, 

 with very small teeth between. Both calyx and 

 corolla bear orange spots. The anther-stalks, 

 which are combined below, form a ring, and pro- 

 ject, as does the style. The capsule is egg-shaped, 

 5-valved. The plant is 1-3 ft. high, flowering in 

 June and July, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER BORAGINACE^E 



Creeping Forget-me-not (Myosotis repens, 

 Don). The habitat of this species is boggy places. 

 The habit is prostrate. The stolons are not sub- 



terranean. The stem is somewhat angular, with 

 spreading hairs. The leaves are rather acute. 

 The flowers are pale-blue, in a somewhat leafy 

 raceme, with 1-4 leaves below. The limb of the 

 corolla is flat and longer than the tube, the lobes 

 slightly notched. The calyx is divided half-way 

 down, with closely pressed hairs, and in fruit is 

 open, the teeth narrow, lance-shaped, acute, and 

 exceeding the corolla-tube. The style is not so 

 long as the calyx. The 4 nutlets are small. The 

 plant is creeping, flowering between June and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER LENTIBULARIACE^E 



Irish Buttcrwort (Pinguicula grandiflora, Lam.). 

 The habitat of this plant is bogs. The habit is 

 the rosette habit. Regarded formerly as a sub- 

 species of P. vulgaris, it has broader, larger 

 leaves, and more oblong, inversely egg-shaped, 

 rounded, contiguous calyx-lobes, with a rounded 

 tip. The flowers are larger (hence grandiflora), 

 violet-veined, the lobes of the lower lip very broad, 

 overlapping. The spur is often divided into two 

 nearly to the base, awl-like, conical to cylindrical, 

 shorter than the corolla, as long as the calyx- 

 lobes. The spur varies in length. The capsule 

 is egg-shaped or rounded, rounded at the ex- 

 tremity. The plant is 4-6 in. high, flowering in 

 May and June, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Western Butterwort (Pinguicula lusitanica, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is bogs. The plant 

 has the rosette habit, and is devoid of hairs except 

 the scape. The radical leaves are oblong, shortly 

 stalked, succulent, thin, blunt. The flowers are 

 pale-pink or lilac, pale -yellowish in the throat, 

 borne on slender, downy scapes. The short broad 

 lobes of the corolla are equal, the lower pouched. 

 The spur is broad, blunt, short, and conical or 

 cylindrical, bent inwards, not so long as the corolla. 

 The calyx-lobes are rounded. The capsule is 

 more or less round. There are 2 cotyledons (i in 

 P. vulgaris). The plant is 2-4 in. high, flowering 

 between June and October, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Alpine Butterwort {Pinguicula alpina, L.). 

 The habitat of this species is bogs. The plant 

 has the rosette habit. It resembles the last, but 

 is larger, and the scapes are not so long. The 

 flowers are small, white, with a hairy, yellow 

 throat, and the lobes of the corolla are unequal, 

 the lower lip longer than the upper. The spur is 

 conical, not so long as the corolla, broader and 

 blunter, curved towards the lower lip. The calyx- 

 lobes are broadly egg-shaped, blunt. The capsule 

 is egg-shaped, acute. The plant is 2-4 in. high, 

 flowering in May and June, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



ORDER LABIATVE 



Mentha gentilis, L. The habitat of this plant 

 is marshes. The stem is hairy. The leaves are 

 spreading, thick, ovate, acute, coarsely toothed, 

 with a few hairs above, and more on the veins 

 below. The upper leaves are the same. The 



