BOGS AND MARSHES 



faintly-jointed within, somewhat channelled. The 

 flowers are in nearly simple, terminal cymes, 

 irregular, long, with few, distant, nearly erect 

 clusters. The flowers are often viviparous. The 

 perianth-segments are equal, acute, the inner 3 

 rather blunt, nearly as long as the capsule. The 

 bracts are membranous, acute, nearly as long as 

 the flower. There are 3 stamens, the anthers as 

 long as their stalks. The capsule is oblong, pale- 

 brown, very blunt, blunt-pointed. The plant is 

 3-10 in. high, flowering in July and August, and is 

 a herbaceous perennial. 



Three-flowered Rush (Juncus triglumis, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is alpine bogs, boggy 

 wet places on mountains. The plant has the rush 

 habit. There are no stolons. The stems are 

 tufted, black, round in section, slender, wiry, leaf- 

 less. The radical leaves are awl-like, channelled, 

 short, made up of two separate tubes. The sheaths 

 are auricled. The leaflike bract is membranous, 

 as long as, or shorter than, the flowers. The 

 flowers are 2, or 3 (hence triglumis), terminal, 

 erect, pale-brown in fruit. The perianth-segments 

 are blunt, not so long as the capsule, elliptic to 

 oblong. The capsule is egg-shaped to oblong, 

 beaked, chestnut. The plant is 3-9 in. high, 

 flowering in July and August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Two-flowered Rush (Juncus biglumis, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is wet places, boggy 

 spots on mountains, and bogs. The plant has the 

 rush habit. The root is fibrous. The stems are 

 stoloniferous. The plant is not tufted. The stems 

 are half-round in section, leafless, channelled one 

 side, seldom more than one from each root. The 

 leaves are radical, awl-like, flattened at the margin, 

 not channelled, or made up of 2 tubes, septate 

 within. The sheaths are not auricled. The flowers 

 are usually 2 (hence biglumis), not as long as the 

 bract, arranged one side, the upper stalked, not 

 so long as the bract, the lower stalkless, chestnut- 

 brown. The perianth-segments are blunt, as long 

 as the capsule, or nearly so. The capsule is blunt- 

 pointed between the lobes, notched, 3-lobed, coni- 

 cal, 3-angled, light-brown, with pale margins. 

 The plant is 2-6 in. high, flowering in July and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Chestnut Rush (Juncus castaneus, Sm.). The 

 habitat of this plant is Scotch mountains, alpine 

 bogs, micaceous mountain bogs at great eleva- 

 tions. The Chestnut Rush has the rush habit. 

 The plant is not tufted and stoloniferous. The 

 rootstock has loose stolons. The stems are round 

 in section, leafy. The leaves are channelled, 2, 

 half-round in section, hollow. The sheaths are 

 not auricled, having thin walls. The flowers are 

 bright-brown, in 2-3 cymes or solitary, lateral and 

 terminal, 2-6 flowered. The leaflike bracts are 

 longer than the flowers. The perianth-segments 

 are acute, half as long as the capsule, elliptic 

 to lance - shaped. The capsule is dark -brown, 

 3-angled, beaked, egg-shaped, oblong, pointed. 

 The seeds are large. The plant is 4-16 in. high, 

 flowering in July and August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Small Marsh Rush (Juncus compressus, Jacq.). 

 The habitat of this rush is marshy places, damp 

 places. The Small Marsh Rush has the rush habit. 

 The plant is slender, with a creeping rootstock. 

 The stems are tufted, slender, hollow, half-flattened 

 at the margin with i leaf in the middle, or 1-2, 

 erect, leafy below, more or less naked above. 

 The leaves are linear, channelled above, slender, 

 half-round in section, narrow, limp, more or less 

 erect, as long as the stem, or shorter. The flowers 

 are more or less solitary, in terminal, compound, 

 compact, cymose panicles, not so long as the small 

 pale bracts, with more or less erect branches, 

 slender, and with few flowers. The perianth-seg- 

 ments are oval, oblong, blunt, as long as, or shorter 

 than the capsule, pale in the middle, the margins 

 broad, membranous, pale or dark-brown or purple. 

 The anthers are oblong, and the style is half as 

 long as the ovary. The capsule is roundly in- 

 versely egg-shaped, bluntly and shortly pointed. 

 The plant is 12-20 in. high, flowering from June to 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER ALISMACE.*: 



Echinodorus (Alisma) ranunculoides, Eng. 

 The habitat of this plant is lakesides, bogs and 

 ditches, turfy bogs. The plant has the rosette 

 habit. The stems may be erect or creeping, 

 tufted. The leaves are all radical, erect, linear to 

 lance-shaped, acute, long-stalked, the blade 3- 

 ribbed. The first leaves are submerged, floating, 

 transparent. The flowers are pale - purple, in 

 umbels or whorls, the flower-stalks or scapes 

 bearing simple branches. The carpels form a 

 head, and are 4~5-ribbed, swollen, angular, acute, 

 egg - shaped, blunt - pointed. The styles are 

 terminal. The plant is 6-18 in. high, flowering 

 between June and August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



ORDER NAIADACE^E 



Marsh Arrow-grass (Triglochin palustre, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is marshes. Marsh 

 Arrow-grass has the grass habit. The plant is 

 stoloniferous. The stem is swollen below. The 

 leaves are slender, half-round in section, limp, 

 faintly channelled above. The scape is slender. 

 The flowers are in a long raceme, lengthening 

 after flowering, on short stalks. The perianth is 

 purple-bordered. The anthers are purple. The 

 fruit is club-shaped, linear, angular, appressed to 

 the scape, the 3 combined carpels attached to the 

 3-sided axis by a point, round at the back, slender, 

 long, narrow below, or arrow-shaped in fruit 

 (hence Triglochin). The plant is 6-12 in. high, 

 flowering between June and August, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Marsh Scheuchzeria (Scheuchzeria palustris, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is bogs, sphagnum 

 bogs, and marshes. The plant has the grass 

 habit. The rootstock is long, creeping, slender, 

 clothed with the old leaf-stalks. The leaves are 

 half-round in section, in two rows, few, alternate, 

 blunt, with a small pore on the upper side of the 



