BOGS AND MARSHES 



Carex spiculosa, Fr. var. Hebridensis, A. Benn. 

 This variety has no rough prolongation of the 

 midrib of the glume, which is characteristic of the 

 type. 



Carex magellanica, Lam. (= C. irrigua, Hoppe). 

 The habitat of this species is spongy bogs in the 

 N. The plant has the sedge habit. The plant is 

 creeping. The stems are more or less smooth. 

 The leaves are flat, broad, short, hardly bluish- 

 green, linear, smooth at the edge, except near the 

 tip. The fertile spikelets are 2-3, drooping, on 

 long stalks, dense, oblong, a few male below. 

 The lower glumes are narrow, with a long point, 

 the upper glumes broader and shorter, purple 

 throughout, longer than the fruit, egg-shaped to 

 lance-shaped, acute. The bracts are auricled, 

 leaflike, nearly flat, broad. The fruit is swollen, 

 round to egg-shaped, pale, broadest below the 

 middle, flattened, faintly-ribbed, the beak short 

 and entire. The nut is elliptic, triangular, pale, 

 beaked. The plant is i ft. or more in height. 

 It flowers in June, and is a herbaceous peren- 

 nial. 



Green -and -gold Sedge (Carex h'wosa, L.). 

 The habitat of this species is spongy bogs. The 

 plant has the sedge habit. The plant is creeping, 

 with a slender rootstock. The stems are slender, 

 3-sided. The leaves are narrow, bluish-green, 

 linear, channelled, rough at the margin, bent-back. 

 The bracts are auricled, short, and slender, 

 strongly-keeled, scarcely sheathing. The fertile 

 spikelets are 1-2, drooping, short, long-stalked, 

 egg-shaped, cylindrical or oblong, dense-flowered, 

 a few male at the top, as long as the stalk, 

 which is slender. The male spikelets are erect, 

 slender, with some female above. The glumes 

 are broad, blunt-pointed, pale, few, large, loose, 

 egg-shaped, with a green midrib, ribbed, with 

 brown margins. The fruit is more or less 3-angled, 

 blunt-pointed, bluish-green, as long as the glume, 

 flattened, round, ellipsoid, ribbed, the beak short 

 and entire. The nut is oval, inversely egg-shaped, 

 3-angled, beaked, pale. The plant is 6-15 in. 

 high, flowering in June and July, and is a herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



Loose-flowered Alpine Sedge (Carex rariflora, 

 Sm.). The habitat of this plant is alpine bogs, 

 wet places, on Scotch mountains, elevated bogs in 

 the Highlands. The plant has the sedge habit. 

 The rootstock is creeping. The stems are wiry, 

 3-angled, smooth, leafy below. The leaves are 

 erect, narrow, flat, rough at the edge near the 

 apex. The bracts are short, with very short 

 sheaths. The fertile spikelets are as long as the 

 long, hairlike, ultimate flower-stalks, 2-3, droop- 

 ing, few-flowered, oblong, loose. The male spike- 

 let (i) is short, nearly erect. The glumes are 

 broad, pale-brown, membranous, blunt, shining, 

 folded round the fruit, dark-brown, with a pale 

 midrib, apiculate, as long as the fruit. The fruit 

 is stalked, oblong, elliptic to inversely egg-shaped, 

 shorter than the glume, with a narrow point, 3- 

 angled, green or brown, smooth, faintly-nerved, 

 the beak very short, entire. The nut is brown, 

 oblong, 3-angled, dotted, round to oblong. The 



plant is 4-12 in., flowering between June and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Slender-leaved Sedge (Carex filiformis, L. = 

 C. lasiocarpa, Ehrh.). The habitat of this plant 

 is bogs and marshes, peat bogs. The plant has 

 the sedge habit and is slender. The rootstock is 

 creeping, and the plant is stoloniferous. The stem 

 is somewhat rough above, 3-angled, leafy. The 

 leaves are very long, numerous, very slender 

 (hence filiformis), stiff, short, channelled, the 

 margin inrolled, with a filamentous, bordered 

 sheath below, red-brown, stout, the 2-3 lower very 

 long, without a blade. The bracts are leaflike, 

 the lowermost sheathing. The fertile spikelets, 

 3-4, are oblong, blunt, stalkless, distant, loose, 

 erect, the lower bracts thread-like, longer than 

 the stem. The male spikelets are 2-3, brown, 

 very slender. The glumes are lance - shaped, 

 narrow-pointed, chestnut-brown, the margin the 

 same colour, the midrib green, that of the male 

 florets narrower and more membranous. The 

 fruit is plano-convex, narrow to egg-shaped, 

 swollen, downy, as long as the glumes, green, 

 narrowed to a blunt beak, divided into 2 nearly to 

 the base. The nut is narrowly elliptic, 3-angled, 

 stalked. The plant is 2-3 ft. high, flowering in 

 May and June, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Tawny Sedge (Carex fulva, Host = C. Horn- 

 schuchiana, Hoppe = C. Horteana, D.C.). The 

 habitat of this plant is marshes and boggy places. 

 The plant has the sedge habit. The rootstock is 

 often creeping. The stem is 3-angled, with a 

 rough edge. The leaves are flat, broad. The 

 bracts are long, sheathing, not so long as the 

 stem. The fertile spikelets are 2-3, egg-shaped, 

 oblong, distant, the stalks longer than the sheaths. 

 The glumes are blunt or acute, not blunt-pointed, 

 the tips with membranous margin. The fruit is 

 egg-shaped, 3-sided, with a rough edge, mem- 

 branous, in the notch, broad below, not dotted, 

 ribbed. The nut is inversely egg-shaped, 3-angled, 

 more or less smooth. The plant is \-\\ ft. high, 

 flowering between May and July, and is a herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



Bladder-fruited Sedge (Carex vesicaria, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is wet bogs, marshy 

 places. The plant has the sedge habit. The root- 

 stock is tufted, creeping. The plant is stout. The 

 stems are triangular, rough at the top, with 

 acute angles. The leaves are broad, green, flat, 

 soft, the edges of the sheaths filamentous. The 

 bracts are leaflike. The spikelets are cylindrical, 

 many, stout, the male 2-3, slender, pale-brown, 

 sometimes with female above, the fertile spikelets 

 2-4, distant, cylindrical, pale, shortly-stalked, in- 

 clined or drooping. The glumes are lance-shaped, 

 rather acute, with membranous margin, smaller 

 than the fruit, narrow, chestnut-brown, with a pale 

 midrib, blunt, those of the male spikelets linear to 

 oblong. The fruit is large, spreading, conical to 

 egg-shaped, inflated, ribbed, 3-angled, pale, dull- 

 yellow, shining, with faint nerves, narrowed to the 

 beak, which is awl-like, divided into 2 nearly to 

 the base. The beak is stout, smooth, rigid, brown, 

 long, slender. The nut is inversely egg-shaped, 



