HEATHS AND MOORS 



'59 



Field Southernwood (Artemisia campestris, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is sandy heaths in the 

 E. of England. The habit is erect. The stems 

 are woody, with ascending branches, grooved, 

 slender, the barren stems tufted. The leaves are 

 twice pinnate, the young leaves being silky. The 

 segments are few, acute with bent-back margins, 

 linear to lance-shaped, with a blunt point. The 

 flowering stems are slender, ascending in flower, 

 smooth and leafy. The flowerheads are numer- 

 ous, smooth, drooping, in long slender racemes, 

 ovoid, nearly stalkless, the outer flowers only 

 being fertile. The florets are yellow. The re- 

 ceptacle is glabrous. The plant is not aromatic. 

 The involucral bracts are smooth, ovate, with a 

 membranous margin, and purplish. The corolla 

 in the ray florets is dilated below. The fruit is 

 oblong. There is no pappus. The plant is 1-3 ft. 

 high, flowering in August and September. It is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Tall Heath Groundsel (Senecio sylvaticus, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is dry banks, pastures, 

 heathy, dry, gravelly places. The habit is erect. 

 The stem is leafy, hairy, branched. The whole 

 plant is sticky and foetid, and glandular, downy. 

 The leaves are deeply divided to the base, downy, 

 the lobes oblong, with unequal teeth. The florets 

 are yellow. The flowerheads form a corymb, and 

 are numerous, spreading, cylindrical, narrow. 

 The involucre is downy. There are few, short, or 

 no outer involucral bracts. The flower-stalks are 

 slender. The ligules are short. The ray is small 

 and turned-back. The fruit is silky, and faintly 

 ribbed. The plant is from 6 in. to 3 ft. in height, 

 and flowers between July and September. It is 

 an annual. 



Smooth Cat's Ear (Hypochans glabra, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is sandy ground, dry 

 fields, sandy and gravelly places. The habit is 

 erect, or the rosette habit. The aerial flowering 

 stem is smooth, branched, leafless. The leaves are 

 in a rosette, radical, oblong, toothed, wavy, or 

 divided nearly to the base. The flowers are yellow, 

 the florets equalling the involucre. The fruit is 

 reddish -brown, with dirty -white pappus, longer 

 than the involucre, and the inner fruits only are 

 beaked. The plant is 6-12 in. in height, and 

 flowers from June to August, being a herbaceous 

 annual. 



ORDER CAMPANULACE^E 



Acrid Lobelia (Lobelia urens, L.). This species 

 is found on heaths. The habit is erect. The 

 plant is downy. The stem is slender, leafy, angu- 

 lar, rough. The radical leaves are inversely ovate 

 or oblong, spoon-shaped, blunt, with a few wavy 

 teeth, the upper leaves are stalkless, lance-shaped 

 to linear, running down the stem. The flowers 

 are blue or purple, erect or spreading, in terminal, 

 loose, simple racemes. The lobes of the calyx are 

 nearly equal, awl-like, not so long as the tube. The 

 corolla-lobes are also nearly equal, lance-shaped, 

 acute. The fruit is a 2-3-valved capsule. The 

 plant is 9-24 in. in height, and flowers in August 

 and September. It is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER VACCINIACE^E 



Cowberry (Vaccinium Vitis-idcea, L.). The 

 habitat of this plant is mountain heaths and 

 woods. The plant has the shrub habit. The 

 stem is prostrate, then ascending, with downy, 

 trailing or ascending branches, and is woody, 

 wiry, twisted, branched, naked below. The leaves 

 are evergreen, dark-green above, glandular, dotted 

 below, inversely ovate, with the margins rolled 

 back as in other xerophytes, adapted to drought. 

 The margins are entire, thick, bluntly-toothed, or 

 scalloped, the leaves in 2 rows, leathery, pale 

 below. The veins are not net-like. The flowers 

 are pale-pink, in racemes, short and terminal, 

 drooping. They are crowded and borne on ulti- 

 mate flower-stalks with 2 bracteoles. The calyx- 

 tube is hemispherical, with 4 broadly-ovate lobes, 

 fringed with hairs. The corolla is bell-shaped, 

 4-cleft, the lobes linear to oblong. The berries 

 are round, dark-red, and acrid. The stamens 

 project, with purple downy anther-stalks, and the 

 yellow anthers have no awns. The plant is 6-18 in. 

 in height, flowering from June to August, and is 

 an evergreen shrub. 



ORDER ERICACEAE 



Red Bearberry(^ rctostaphylos Uva-nrsi,Spreng.). 

 This plant is a native, and found on heathy, 

 rocky mountains, Scottish heaths, dry stony moun- 

 tain heaths. The plant has the shrub habit. The 

 stem is prostrate, then ascending, trailing, with 

 stout, woody branches, the young branches downy. 

 The bark is dark, forming scales. The leaves are 

 shining, evergreen, leathery, rigid, deep-green, 

 inversely ovate or spoon -shaped, entire. The 

 margin is woolly, the veins netted above and 

 below. The flowers are few, 4-6, pink, in close, 

 terminal, drooping clusters, crowded, short, 

 smooth. There are persistent scales and brac- 

 teoles, fringed with hairs. The ultimate flower- 

 stalks are very short. The calyx-lobes are short 

 and broad. The corolla is pitcher-shaped, with 

 4-5 lobes, hairy within. The anthers have long 

 awns. The fruit is a berry or drupe, red, round. 

 The plant is 4-24 in. in height. It flowers in May, 

 June, and July. It is an evergreen shrub. 



Ciliate Heath (Erica ciliaris, L.). The habitat 

 of this plant is sandy heaths in the S.W. of Eng- 

 land. The plant has the heath habit. The stem 

 is long, slender, straggling, with many erect, 

 downy branches, the flowering branches long. 

 The leaves are in whorls of 4 (or 3), close, nearly 

 stalkless, ovate, downy above, bluish-green below, 

 with small scales, and the margins bent-back, 

 fringed with hairs (hence ciliaris}. The flowers 

 are crimson, in terminal one-sided racemes, in- 

 clined on very short ultimate stalks, with brac- 

 teoles in the middle. The sepals are downy, 

 fringed with hairs (hence, too, ciliaris), ovate. 

 The mouth of the curved, oblong or ovoid corolla 

 is oblique, and small. The style projects. The 

 anthers are included, and have no appendages or 

 awns. The ovary is smooth, ascending. The 



