BRITISH FLORA 



sepals are blunt, oblong, the inner twice as broad, 

 ovate, acute. The achenes are smooth, hairless. 

 The plant is 4-10 in. high, flowering from May to 

 July, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



White Welsh Cinquefoil (Potentilla rupestris, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is calcareous rocks. 

 The habit is erect. The plant is hairy below. 

 The stems are repeatedly forked, branched above. 

 The leaves are pinnate. The radical leaves have 

 5 leaflets, and are stalked, unequal at the base, 

 those on the stem are few, trifoliate, nearly stalk- 

 less, and they are round or oblong- or obliquely 

 inversely ovate, wedge-shaped below, irregularly 

 toothed or scalloped. The flowering shoots are 

 annual. The flowers are white. The achenes 

 are smooth, hairless. The plant is 1-2 ft. high, 

 flowering in May and June, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Shrubby Cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is rocky banks by rivers, 

 and calcareous rocky places. The plant has the 

 undershrub habit. The plant is silky, much 

 branched, leafy the bark flaking. The leaves are 

 oblong, lance-shaped, with lobes each side of a 

 common stalk. The leaflets are 5, oblong, lance- 

 shaped, entire, with rolled-back margins. The 

 stipules are entire. The flowers are large, golden- 

 yellow, in terminal corymbose cymes. The bract- 

 eoles are lance-shaped, longer than the egg- 

 shaped calyx-segments. The plant is 2-4 ft. high, 

 flowering in June and July, and is a perennial 

 shrub. 



Sibbaldia (Potentilla Sibbaldi, Hall, f. = Sib- 

 baldia procumbens, Clairv.). The habitat of this 

 species is Scotch mountains, dry summits, andstony 

 places. The habit is prostrate, then ascending. 

 The plant is hairy and bluish-green. The root- 

 stock is woody, flattened, the branches leafy above. 

 The leaves are downy' both sides, trifoliate, the 

 leaflets are wedge-shaped, with 3 teeth at the 

 blunt end, inversely egg-shaped. The flowering 

 stems are in the axils, leafy, ascending. The 

 flowers are orange-yellow, in a terminal close 

 cyme. The petals are small, narrow or absent, 

 lance-shaped. The calyx-segments are lance- 

 shaped, acute. The bracteoles are linear. The 

 pistils and stamens (4-10) are variable. The 

 achenes are hairless. The plant is 2-6 in. high, 

 flowering in July and August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Alpine Lady's Mantle (Alchemilla alpina, L.). 

 The habitat of this species is mountain streams 

 and rocks. The habit is more or less the rosette 

 habit. The plant is clothed with soft silky hairs, 

 except the upper surface of the leaves. The root- 

 stock is slender and branched. The branches are 

 ascending above, usually simple, the stem slender, 

 ascending. The leaves are finger-shaped, toothed, 

 with 5-7 lobes, separate to the base, oblong, blunt, 

 on slender stalks, the upper stalkless, rounded to 

 kidney-shaped. The leaflets are narrow, oblong 

 to egg-shaped, suddenly long and narrowly 

 pointed, sharply toothed at the apex. The stipules 

 are united at the base, cleft. The flowers are 

 yellowish-green, on short hairy stalks, in inter- 



rupted spikes or small lateral and terminal 

 corymbs. The achenes are slightly glandular. 

 The plant is 3-9 in. long, flowering from June to 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Pyrus minima, Ley. The habitat of this plant 

 is limestone cliffs. It is a native, and abundant 

 where it occurs, growing up to 1600 ft. Seedlings 

 are frequently produced. It is a small, spreading 

 tree or shrub, with many slender branches. The 

 leaves are linear, oblong, divided slightly to the 

 base, with 3-4 pairs of lobes, deepest at the 

 middle or upper part, the lowest one-third or one- 

 fourth not lobed. The lateral veins are 5-7, form- 

 ing an acute angle with the midrib, prominent 

 below and grooved above, the underside having 

 a grey felt. The flowers are in loose corymbs, 

 not flat-topped, the petals round, cream-coloured, 

 the calyx erect and prominent, persistent till the 

 fruit is ripe. The fruit is small, globose, bright 

 coral-red, bitter, ripening in August or September. 

 The plant is 10-20 ft. in height, flowering in May 

 and June, and is a deciduous tree. 



Pyrus pinnatifida, Ehrh. (= P. fennica, Bab.). 

 The habitat of this plant is mountains and rocky 

 glens. It is a rare species. The plant has the 

 tree habit. The leaves are oblong, toothed, pinnate 

 below, with 1-4 pairs of free leaflets, the base 

 running down the stem, and 1-2 pairs of free lobes, 

 the leaflets and lobes oblong or narrowly elliptic. 

 The underside is grey-felted. The flowers are 

 white, in a corymb. The plant is regarded as a 

 hybrid between P. Aria and P. Aucuparia. It is 

 tall, flowering in June and July, and is a deciduous 

 tree. 



Cotoneaster microphylla, Wall. This plant is 

 now quite naturalized in N. Wales. The plant is 

 an evergreen shrub, with small, oblong, blunt 

 leaves, which are downy below, glossy above, 

 leathery. The berries are scarlet. 



Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster vulgaris, Lindl. = C. 

 integerrima, Med.). The habitat of the Coton- 

 easter is limestone cliffs. The plant has the shrub 

 habit. The stems are erect, with downy branch- 

 lets. The leaves are round below, broadly elliptic 

 to oblong, ovate, densely downy below, entire, 

 smooth above, adapted to cold. They are round 

 or acute at the apex. The leaf-stalk is very short. 

 The stipules have a membranous margin. The 

 flowers are few, pink, in lateral cymes. The 

 ultimate flower-stalks are short, downy, bent- 

 down. The bracts are very small. The calvx 

 is top-shaped, the margins downy, the lobes blunt. 

 The petals are small, persistent. The styles are 

 3. The fruit is small, round, shining, red, pendu- 

 lous. The plant is a perennial ,shrub, flowering 

 in May and June. 



ORDER SAXIFRAGACE;E 



Opposite-leaved Saxifrage (Saxifraga oppositi- 

 folia, L.). The habitat of this Saxifrage is alpine 

 rocks. The plant has the cushion habit. The 

 stems are tufted, creeping, prostrate then ascend- 

 ing. The leaves are opposite, small, blunt, thick- 

 ened at the tip, overlapping in 4 rows, ovate, 



