ROCKS AND WALLS, ETC. 



oblong-, fringed with hairs, with stout bristles. 

 The flowers are purple, terminal, bell-shaped, stalk- 

 less. The sepals are fring-ed with hairs, united to 

 the middle, blunt. The petals are inversely ovate. 

 The capsule is free, with awl-like, spreading beaks. 

 The plant is 4-8 in. high, flowering from April to 

 June, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Clustered Alpine Saxifrage (Saxifraga nivalis, 

 L.). The habitat of this species is Highland Alps, 

 mountain cliffs, &c. The habit is erect, and the 

 plant is a rosette plant. The aerial stem is a 

 scape. The rootstock is small. The plant is 

 glandular, hairy on the leaf margins, scape, 

 bracts, and ultimate flower- stalks. The leaves 

 are radical, rather leathery, broadly spoon-shaped, 

 scalloped, toothed, narrowed into the leaf-stalk. 

 The bracts are linear. The flowers are white, in 

 heads or cymes, densely-clustered. The sepals are 

 united below, purplish, adnate to the base of the 

 carpels, the calyx being half-inferior. The petals 

 are not spotted, and are longer than the calyx. 

 The beaks of the capsule are spreading. The 

 plant is 3-6 in. high, flowering in July and August, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Starry Saxifrage (Saxifraga stellaris, L.). 

 The habitat of this Saxifrage is alpine and subal- 

 pine rills, damp rocks on mountains. The plant 

 has the rosette habit, and the stems are tufted, 

 but the aerial stems are scapes. The rootstock 

 is branched and small. The plant is hairless, or 

 has but few hairs. The leaves are rather succu- 

 lent, fringed with hairs, entire, oblong, lance- 

 shaped, wedge-shaped, toothed, narrow below, 

 hardly-stalked. The flowers are few, white, in 

 a loose cyme or corymb. The scape bears no 

 leaves. The sepals are lance-shaped. The petals 

 are clawed, ovate, with two transverse yellow or 

 purple spots below. The anthers and pistils are 

 rod. The anther-stalks are awl-like. These serve 

 as honey-guides. The bracts are linear. The 

 beaks of the capsule are slender, nearly erect. 

 The plant is 2-8 in. high, flowering in July and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



London Pride or St. Patrick's Cabbage (Saxi- 

 fraga umbrosa, L.). London Pride is an alien in 

 Great Britain. The habit is the rosette habit. 

 The barren shoots are prostrate below. The plant 

 is hairless or loosely hairy. The leaves are 

 rounded, inversely ovate, broad, narrowed into 

 a stout leaf-stalk, coarsely scalloped or toothed, 

 leathery. The leaf-stalk is glandular, flattened, 

 broad. The crenatures are cartilaginous. The 

 flowers are white or pink, in a panicle-like raceme. 

 The flower- stalks are glandular. The scape is 

 without leaves. The sepals are reddish. The 

 anther -stalks are swollen above. The anthers 

 are red. The beaks of the capsule are spreading. 

 The plant is 6-12 in. high, flowering in June and 

 July, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Saxifraga hirsuta, L. From the last species 

 this one differs in being more hairy (hence hirsuta), 

 and in the sharply -toothed leaves, rounded or 

 blunt below. It also resembles S. Geum. The 

 leaves are oval, heart-shaped, blunt, sharply- 

 toothed, very hairy, leathery, longer than broad. 



The leaf-stalks are linear, half-round in section, 

 with raised edges, tapering upwards. The flowers 

 are rose-colour, in panicle -like racemes. The 

 plant is 6-12 in. high, flowering in June and July, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Yellow Mountain Saxifrage (Saxifraga aiz- 

 oides, L.). The habitat of this species is stony 

 mountain rills, wet places on mountains. The 

 plant has the rosette or cushion habit. The stems 

 are prostrate below, tufted, leafy, much-branched, 

 bright-green. The leaves are linear, oblong, the 

 lower bent- back, alternate, entire, or with stiff 

 teeth, crowded below, blunt-pointed, scattered on 

 the flowering stems, fringed with hairs, flat above, 

 convex below. The flowers are in a leafy panicle, 

 yellow, with red spots. The sepals are blunt, 

 erect, united below the ovary, the teeth inversely 

 conical. The petals are narrow, distant, not con- 

 tiguous, inversely ovate to spoon -shaped. The 

 stalks are glandular. The ovary is depressed, 

 orange. The capsule is erect to spreading, with 

 awl-like beaks. The plant is 4-6 in. high, flower-* 

 ing from June to September, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Alpine Brook Saxifrage (Saxtfraga rivularis, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is alpine wet rocks 

 and streams on the coldest parts of mountains. 

 The plant has the rosette or cushion habit. The 

 stems are prostrate or ascending, tufted, slender, 

 rooting, succulent, glandular, hairy. The leaves 

 are radical, kidney-shaped, palmately-lobed, the 

 lobes entire, rounded, 5-lobed, stalked. The leaf- 

 stalk is slender, as long as the stems. The upper 

 leaves are lance-shaped, entire. The flowers are 

 white, few, stalked, erect. The bracts are leafy, 

 opposite, usually entire. The calyx is half-inferior, 

 with acute lobes as long as the tube, hemispherical. 

 The petals are small, distant, inversely ovate to 

 oblong. The capsule has short, spreading beaks. 

 The plant is 1-4 in. high, flowering in Juiy and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Drooping Bulbous Saxifrage (Saxifraga cernua, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is schistose rocks. 

 The plant has the rosette habit. The rootstock 

 has scaly buds at the top. The plant is glandular, 

 hairy, leafy. The stems are erect, simple, i- 

 flowered. The radical leaves are stalked, kidney- 

 shaped, the lobes palmate, scalloped-lobed, red- 

 tinged. The stem -leaves are nearly stalkless, 

 more or less 3-fid, with scarlet buds in the axils, 

 deeply lobed. The flowers are replaced by reddish 

 bulbs, or drooping, bell-shaped, white, and are 

 rarely found in Britain. The calyx-tube is very 

 short, inferior, the lobes erect, blunt. The petals 

 are large, inversely ovate. The plant is 2-4 in. 

 high, flowering in July and August, and is a herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



Saxifraga ccespitosa, L. The habitat of this very 

 rare plant is mountains. The plant has the rosette 

 habit. The plant forms dense tufts. The short 

 barren shoots are not longer than the flowering. 



I The plant is clothed with globular, glandular hairs. 

 The radical leaves are crowded, 3-5 lobed, blunt, 

 beingfringed, wedge-shaped, thebasenot furrowed. 



. The flowers are white, 1-5, the calyx-tube longer 



