ROCKS AND WALLS, ETC. 



181 



below, the borders fringed with hairs. The stem- 

 leaves are few or absent, inversely lance-shaped. 

 The heads are solitary or 2-4, rounded, spherical. 

 The phyllaries are olive-green, numerous, nar- 

 rowed, acute, closely pressed, hairy, glandular. 

 The ligules are yellow, stiffly hairy or smooth. 

 The styles are yellow. The plant is 6-12 in. in 

 height, flowering in July and August, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Hieracium ciirvatum, Elfstrand. The habitat 

 of this plant is Highland mountains, where it 

 occurs on granite, mica schist, and hornblende. 

 The plant is green. The stem is stiffly hairy, 

 woolly-felted, glandular, especially above. The 

 radical leaves are bright-green, coarsely toothed, 

 spoon-shaped, the later elliptic, oblong, rounded 

 above, narrowed to the leaf-stalk, the inner in- 

 versely lance-shaped, acute, with acute teeth below, 

 sparsely hairy both sides. The lower stem-leaves 

 are lance-shaped, acute, shortly-stalked, with 

 acute teeth, the upper 2-3, linear, bract-like. The 

 heads, usually solitary or 2-3, are very dark, 

 large, rounded below, on long arching stalks, 

 when branched, woolly-felted, hairy, glandular. 

 The phyllaries meet together in the bud, the outer 

 loose, linear, lance-shaped, blunt, the inner with 

 a long, narrow point, 2-3 innermost awl-like, 

 shaggy, hairy, scarcely glandular. The ligules 

 are orange, the teeth fringed with hairs or smooth. 

 The styles are brownish. The plant is variable in 

 height, flowering in July and August, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Hieracium Backhousei, F. T. Hanb. The habi- 

 tat of this plant is lofty mountains, crevices of 

 rocky beds and margins of mountain streams, 

 stony shores of alpine lakes. The stem is dark- 

 green, wavy, with long, white, spreading hairs, 

 stellately downy and glandular above. The radi- 

 cal leaves are erect, deep-green, leathery, glossy, 

 rounded to spoon-shaped, inversely egg-shaped, 

 the apex rounded, narrowed to the foot-stalk, the 

 latter oblong, lance-shaped, the inner lance-shaped, 

 linear, acute, with acute, ascending, curved teeth 

 below. There are 1-3 stem-leaves. The lower 

 are stalkless, narrow, lance-shaped, acute, sharply 

 toothed, the upper linear, bract-like, the leaves 

 smooth above, stiffly hairy below, especially on 

 the margin. The heads are dark, 1-3, rounded 

 below, the stalks long, straight, woolly-felted, 

 glandular. The outer phyllaries are linear, loose, 

 the inner linear, lance-shaped, blunt, the inner- 

 most narrow, acute, clothed with hair, without 

 glands. The ligules are yellow, stiffly hairy. The 

 style is yellow or livid. The pappus is tawny. 

 The plant is 5-15 in. in height, flowering in July 

 and August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Hieraciutn lingulatum, Backh. The habitat of 

 this plant is mountain glens, rocky beds of moun- 

 tain streams, and in their debris, grassy ledges, 

 exposed cliffs. The plant is green, with a stiffly 

 hairy, woolly-felted (above hairy), glandular stem. 

 The radical leaves are deep dull-green, leathery, 

 with fine teeth, the outer inversely egg-shaped, 

 rounded above, the inner tongue-shaped (hence 

 lingulatum), lance-shaped, acute, narrowed, rough, 



hairy, above and below, and on the border. The 

 stem-leaves are 2-3, the lower nearly stalkless, 

 like the lower inner leaves, the upper leaves very 

 smalL The 2-4 heads are rounded below, with 

 woolly -felted glandular stalks. The phyllaries 

 extend forwards in bud, and are linear, acute, 

 greenish -black, oblong, narrow above, hairy, 

 glandular. The ligules are smooth or fringed 

 with hairs. The styles are dark, livid. The 

 plant is 15-24 in. in height, flowering in July and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Hieracium senescens, Backh. The habitat of 

 this plant is grassy slopes and edges of streams 

 in mountain districts, in crevices, mountain ledges, 

 chiefly on mica schist, rarely on granite. The 

 plant is green, with a stiffly hairy, woolly-felted, 

 glandular stem. The radical outer leaves are 

 oval, rounded above, the inner oval, lance-shaped, 

 blunt or acute, narrowed to the stalk, entire, 

 toothed, the inner leaves sharply toothed below, 

 with few stiff hairs. The stem-leaves are 1-2 or 

 none. The lower are lance-shaped, linear, long, 

 stalked, the upper bract-like. The 1-4 heads are 

 egg-shaped, conical below, on long arching 

 stalks. The phyllaries meet together in the bud, 

 the outer being narrow, linear, the inner lance- 

 shaped, linear, acute, the innermost narrowed, 

 woolly-felted, hairy, glandular. The ligules are 

 yellow, stiffly hairy or smooth. The styles are 

 yellow. The plant is 15-18 in. in height. It 

 flowers in July and August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Hieracium Marshalli, Linton. The stem of this 

 plant is erect, stiffly hairy, woolly -felted, glan- 

 dular above. The radical leaves are yellowish- 

 green, the outermost roundly oval, broad, egg- 

 shaped, toothed or entire, the inner egg-shaped, 

 lance-shaped, with a long narrow point, with 

 acute, ascending teeth towards the base, stiffly 

 hairy below and on the border. The stem-leaf 

 is solitary, large, stalkless or shortly-stalked, like 

 the inner radical leaves. The 1-6 heads are large, 

 dark, rounded below, on long arching, wavy, 

 woolly-felted, stiffly hairy, glandular stalks. The 

 dark olive-green phyllaries are broad, the outer 

 short, loose, the intermediate linear, blunt, acute, 

 senescent, hairy and glandular. The ligules are 

 golden, stiffly hairy at the tip. The styles are 

 broad. The plant is 7-16 in. high, and flowers 

 in July and August, being a herbaceous perennial. 



Hieracium chrysanthum, Backh. The habitat 

 of this plant is lofty mountains in Scotland, alpine 

 glens, grassy slopes, ledges, stony margins of 

 lakes, rocky burns, on granite, mica-schist, and 

 hornblende. The plant is green, with a stiffly 

 hairy, glandular, woolly -felted stem branching 

 from the base. The radical leaves are bright- 

 green, glossy, the first leaves spoon-shaped, in- 

 versely egg-shaped, the later oblong, elliptic, 

 oval, rounded, blunt above, irregularly sharply 

 toothed below, the inner oblong, lance-shaped, 

 acute, the teeth long, the base wedge-shaped, 

 hairy below and on the border. The stem-leaves 

 are solitary or wanting, stalked, narrow, lance- 

 shaped, with acute teeth, with a linear bract-like 



