2OO 



BRITISH FLORA 



hedges, on old walls near gardens, former re- 

 ligious houses, ruins, and waste places. The 

 habit is creeping, then erect. The rootstock is 

 woody. The plant is devoid of hairs. The 

 stems are erect, simple, numerous, angled. The 

 leaves are broadly heart-shaped, blunt, with a 

 short point, netted, smooth, bluish - green be- 

 neath, with rounded auricles, incurved, and nearly 

 overlapping. The flowers are 4-8, in a cluster, 

 pale-yellow, on very short stalks, more or less 

 erect. The calyx is yellow, with a slender 

 curved tube, rounded below. The lip is oblong or 

 ovate, the throat swollen. The corolla is pear- 

 shaped. The flower-stalks are bent-down. The 

 fruit is a 6-valved capsule, the seeds nearly round, 

 flattened, granulated, excavated on the ventral 

 face. The plant is 1-2 ft. high, flowering in July 

 and August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER SALICACE^E 



Black Willow (Salix nigricans, Sm.). The 

 habitat of this plant is rocks, mountains, banks of 

 streams and rivers, osier ground. The plant has 

 the tree or shrub habit, prostrate, then ascending, 

 or erect. The shoots are downy, dull-coloured. 

 The leaves are ovate, oblong, elliptic, lance- 

 shaped, thin, downy, bluish-green below, entire 

 or coarsely toothed, acute, netted above, turning 

 black when dry. There are no stipules, or, if 

 present, they are half-heartshaped, with a straight 

 point and a basal gland. The ovoid, or cylindric, 

 erect catkins appear before or after the leaves, 

 are stalkless or stalked, and the scales are linear, 

 oblong, softly hairy, acute or blunt. The anther- 

 stalks are hairy below, and the ovary is silky. 

 The style is distinct, slender, and long. The 

 capsule is narrowly conical, smooth or woolly, 

 with a slender stalk. The plant is 6-10 ft. high, 

 flowering in April and May, and is a perennial 

 shrub. 



Tea-leaved Willow (Salix phylidfolia, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is rocks and mountain 

 streams, and valleys. The plant has the tree or 

 shrub habit. The branches are spreading, shin- 

 ing, chestnut, the shoots smooth at length, dark- 

 green above, shining, bluish-green below (like the 

 leaves), bright chestnut. The leaves are ovate, 

 oblong, elliptic, lance -shaped, smooth, shining 

 above, bluish-green below, thick, black when dry, 

 not dotted or wrinkled. The stipules are very 

 small or absent. The catkins are stalkless, with 

 bracts. The scales are linear, oblong, acute, 

 black. The ovary is silky. The style is distinct. 

 The capsule has a long beak. The'plant is 10 ft. 

 high, flowering earlier than other species in April 

 and May, being a perennial shrub. 



Woolly Broad-leaved Willow (Salix lanata, 

 L.). This plant is found on alpine cliffs and by 

 rills, Scottish mountains. The plant has the shrub 

 habit. The branches are twisted, the twigs 

 woolly. The buds are large, black, and stiffly 

 hairy. The leaves are leathery, shaggy or woolly 

 below, broadly oval, oblong to lance-shaped, 

 acute, entire, with raised netted veins. The leaf- 



stalk is very short. The stipules are large, oval, 

 half-heartshaped, glandular-toothed. The cat- 

 kins are terminal, stalkless, in flower with the 

 leaves, stout, dense, silky with yellow hairs, ashy- 

 white, the male not so long as the female. The 

 scales are black, oblong, blunt, hairy with golden 

 hairs. The stamens are hairless. The ovary is 

 conical, smooth. The style is long. The capsule 

 is smooth, shortly stalked. The plant is 1-3 ft. 

 high, flowering from May to August, and is a 

 perennial shrub. 



Downy Mountain Willow (Salix lapponum, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is alpine rocks. 

 The plant has the shrub habit. It is dwarf, erect 

 or prostrate. The branches are brown, stout, 

 with woolly buds. The leaves are elliptic, lance- 

 shaped, inversely ovate, long-pointed, dull-green, 

 silky above, cottony below, entire or wavy-toothed, 

 netted, with straight, raised veins, wrinkled, the 

 margins curved back. The leaves are downy 

 when young. The stipules are small or may be 

 absent. The leaf-stalk is long with a dilated base. 

 The catkins appear before the leaves, and are 

 nearly stalkless, with bracts. The male are ovoid, 

 with black scales and yellow anthers, the female 

 longer. The scales are acute, with a felt of long, 

 white hairs. The style is cleft, slender, very long. 

 The stigmas are linear. The ovary is ovate, 

 lance-shaped, silky. The capsule is woolly, coni- 

 cal, hardly stalked. The plant is 2-5 ft. high, 

 flowering from June to July, and is a perennial 

 shrub. 



Whortle-leaved Willow (Salix myrsinites, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is alpine rocks and 

 rivulets, Scottish mountains. The habit is the 

 shrub habit. The plant is dwarf, rigid, somewhat 

 erect, or creeping, much-branched, the younger 

 parts downy. The leaves are small, dark-green, 

 glossy, rigid, ovate, elliptic, lance-shaped, netted 

 both sides, the veins prominent, coarsely toothed, 

 glandular hairy, acute. The leaf- stalk is very 

 short. The stipules are ovate, lance-shaped, 

 toothed. The catkins are terminal, appearing 

 with or after the leaves, on stout, leafy stalks. 

 The male catkins are oblong, ovoid. The scales 

 are spoon-shaped, softly downy. The disk is 

 large. The anthers are ultimately black. The 

 stigmas are thick. The style is very long. The 

 ovary is hardly stalked, ovate, awl-like, downy. 

 The capsule is hairy or downy, stalked. The 

 plant is 1-2 ft. high, and flowers in June and July, 

 being a perennial shrub. 



Salix sadleri, Sm. = S. herbacea X S. lanata. 

 The habitat of this plant is rocky ledges. The 

 habit is the shrub habit. The plant is dwarf. The 

 branches are prostrate, leafy, few, twisted, with 

 shining, reddish-brown bark, and woolly shoots. 

 The leaves are small, roundly ovate, more or less 

 heart-shaped, more or less acute, entire, smooth, 

 cottony above, netted, smooth below, dark-green, 

 the young leaves cottony below. There are no 

 stipules. The catkins are terminal, cylindrical, 

 many -flowered. The leaf- stalks are woolly, 

 without leaves. The scales are oblong, blunt, at 

 length woolly, dark-brown, not so long as the 



