202 



BRITISH FLORA 



are long- and narrow pointed, not so long as the 

 capsule, with pale margins. The styles and stig- 

 mas are long. The capsule is ovoid, beaked, 

 dark-brown, the seeds large with short appen- 

 dages. The plant is 6-12 in. high, flowering in 

 July and August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Highland Wood -Rush (Juncoides (Luzula) 

 spicatum, L.). The habitat of this plant is high- 

 land mountains, humid gravelly detritus, rocky- 

 places. The plant has the wood-rush habit. The 

 plant is slender. The rootstock is tufted, with 

 short stolons. The leaves are slender, shorter 

 than the stem, small, the sheaths hairy, leathery, 

 bent back, narrow, channelled. The stem-leaves 

 are few and short. The flowers are in drooping, 

 dense, oblong, lobed cymes, spike-like, the clusters 

 not so long as the bracts. The partial bracteoles 

 are tapered, membranous, fringed with hairs, 

 bristle-like. The perianth-segments are narrow, 

 long-pointed, bristle-like. The anther-stalks are 

 half as long as the anthers. The capsule is blunt, 

 with oblong seeds, with a white, slight, basal ap- 

 pendage. The plant is 4-12 in. high, flowering in 

 June and July, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER CYPERACE/E 



Rock Sedge (Carex rupestris, Bell). The habi- 

 tat of this sedge is cliffs, ledges of alpine rocks, 

 lofty mountains. The plant has the sedge habit. 

 The rootstock, which is tufted, is creeping, and 

 bears stolons. The stems are 3-sided, rough 

 above, wiry. The leaves are flat, channelled, 

 curved, and end in a twisted, withered, wavy, 

 rough, slender, triangular point, the margins bent 

 over. The bracts are awl-like or wanting. The 

 spikelets are narrow, dark-brown, shining. The 

 male spikelets are at the top. The glumes of the 

 female spikelets are few, broadly ovate, blunt, 

 shorter than the fruit. The glumes are persistent, 

 brown. The fruit is erect, inversely ovate, elliptic, 

 appressed, 3-angled, with a short, abrupt beak, 

 pale, smooth. There are 3 stigmas. The nut is 

 inversely ovoid, 3-angled, brown. The plant is 

 3-6 in. high, flowering in June and July, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Carex lagopina, Wahl.(=C Lachenalii, Schkr.). 

 The habitat of this species is wet places on 

 Scotch mountains. The plant has the sedge 

 habit. The rootstock is tufted, the stolons short, 

 rough above. The stem is triangular, smooth, 

 wiry, curved below. The leaves are flat. The 

 spike is brown, elliptic. The spikelets are elliptic, 

 egg-shaped, 2-4, crowded, small, touching, the 

 terminal longer. The glumes are reddish, with 

 pale edges, oval, nearly as long as the fruit. The 

 fruit is elliptic, erect, blunt-pointed, with an 

 entire beak, membranous at the tip, and plano- 

 convex, narrowed below, the nut tipped with the 

 persistent style. The plant is 4-8 in. high, flower- 

 ing in July and August, and is a herbaceous peren- 

 nial. 



C. Halleri, Gunn.( = C. alpina, Sw. = C. Vahlii, 

 Schkuhr). The habitat of this species is glens and 

 mountainousand rocky districts, wet grassy places. 



The plant has the sedge habit. The rootstock has 

 short stolons. The stems are erect, more or less 

 solitary, rigid, 3-sided, smooth or rather rough 

 above. The leaves are short, flat, bent-back. 

 The spikelets are 2-4, stalkless, round or oblong, 

 close, the lateral nearly horizontal, black. The 

 bract is slender. The glumes are brown or black, 

 ovate, acute or blunt, broad, crowded. The fruit 

 is broad, inversely ovoid, yellowish-brown, with- 

 out veins, rough above, larger than the glumes, 

 with a short, rough, notched beak. The nuts are 

 ellipsoid, inversely ovoid, 3-sided, pale, blunt, 

 beaked. The plant is 6-15 in. high, flowering 

 from June to August, and is a herbaceous peren- 

 nial. 



Blackheaded Sedge (Carex atrafa, L.). The 

 habitat of this species is ledges of alpine rocks, 

 mountains, cliffs. The habit is as in the last. The 

 rootstock is small, tufted, and bears stolons. The 

 stems are bent at an angle, 3-sided, hardly rough 

 above, smooth elsewhere. The leaves are broad, 

 large, flat, keeled. The bracts exceed the spike- 

 lets. The sheaths are short. The lower bract is 

 leaflike. The spikelets are 3-4, nearly cylindric, 

 ovate, oblong, close, rarely distant, shortly 

 stalked, the uppermost mostly male, and are 

 inclined, or drooping at length. The glumes are 

 dark-purple, black, the midrib pale and slender, 

 acute, erect, overlapping. The fruit is yellowish, 

 more or less round, elliptic, 3-angled, when ripe 

 flattened, smooth, veinless, not so long as the 

 glumes. The beak is round, short, notched, smooth. 

 The nut is elliptic, 3-angled, blunt, with a short 

 point. The plant is 6-18 in. high, flowering in 

 July and August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Mountain Sedge (Carex rigida, Good. = C. 

 saxatilis, L.). The habitat of this species is wet 

 stony places on mountains. The plant has the 

 sedge habit. The plant is stout, with a creeping 

 rootstock, which may be tufted. The stems are 

 rigid, 3-angled, curved, nearly smooth, rough 

 above. The leaves are broad, rigid, flat, keeled, 

 curving outwards, with bent-down edges, many, 

 broad. The sheaths are not filamentous at the 

 edge. The bracts are sheathing below. There 

 is one barren cylindric spike with female florets 

 below. The spikes are short, erect. The 3-5 

 fertile spikelets are oval or cylindrical, close, dense, 

 with short stalks. The fruit is elliptical, blunt, 

 not ribbed, green, with a smooth beak. The 

 glumes are purple, dark, with narrow, pale edges, 

 with a green midrib. The nut is broader than 

 long, round, blunt. The plant is 4-10 in. high, 

 flowering in May and June, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Carex ornithopoda, Willd. The habitat of this 

 rare sedge is calcareous cliffs. The habit is 

 sedge-like. The stem is short, not longer than 

 the radical leaves, which are blunt and flat. The 

 bracts are membranous, egg-shaped, awned, 

 shorter than the fertile spike. There are 3 fertile 

 spikes, which are close, nearly erect, longer than 

 the male spike. The fruit is pear-shaped, shorter 

 than the glumes. The beak is short. The nut is 

 elliptic, shortly stalked, nearly 3-angled. The 



