208 



BRITISH FLORA 



ORDER GERANIACE^ 



Round-leaved Crane's-bill (Geranium rotundi- 

 folium, L. = G. viscidum, Ehrh.). Erect or 

 spreading;, loosely hairy. Leaves as in G. molle, 

 L. Sepals with short awn. Petals longer than 

 sepals, entire, narrow, spoon-shaped, pale-pink ; 

 claw smooth. Carpels keeled, not wrinkled. 

 Seeds dotted. 6-12 in. June. Herbaceous 

 annual. 



ORDER RHAMNACE^E 



Buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus, L.). Much 

 branched. Branches opposite, ending- in thorns. 

 Bark black. Leaves ovate, coarsely toothed, 

 clustered at ends of shoots, opposite lower down, 

 with spreading- veins. Dioecious. Parts of flower 

 in fours. Flowers yellow - green, solitary, or 

 clustered in axils of leaf -clusters. Ultimate 

 flower-stalks very short. Calyx of male flowers 

 bell-shaped; of female, cup-shaped, with acute 

 lobes. Style 4-cleft. Fruit a round, black drupe, 

 with 4 stones; latter grooved on back. 5-10 ft. 

 May-July. Deciduous shrub. 



ORDER ROSACES 



Dog Rose (Rosa sarmentacea, Woods R. 

 dumalis, Bechst.). Leaflets smooth, doubly 

 toothed, margin glandular. Flower-stalks naked. 

 Flowers pink. Sepals fall before fruit is ripe. 

 Styles free. 3-8 ft. June. Deciduous shrub. 



Rosa tomentella Lem. (= R. obtusifolia, Desv.). 

 Leaflets small, very downy below, with many 

 scentless glands. Sepals turned back, falling at 

 length. 3-6 ft. June. Deciduous shrub. 



Rosa scabrata, Crep. Like R. sarmentacea, 

 Woods, but secondary nerves of leaflets more or 

 less g-landular. 3 6 ft. June. 



Rosa RotJiscJiildii, Druce ( = R. caryophyllacea, 

 Auct.). Leaflets scented, doubly-toothed, hairy on 

 midrib and veins below, margin glandular. Leaf- 

 stalks and flower-stalks glandular and acicular. 

 Prickles sickle-like. Flowers pale-rose. Style 

 more or less smooth. Fruit ovate, smooth. 

 Xorthants, Hunts, and Surrey. 



ORDER UMBELLIFER^E 



Wild Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa, L. = Peuce- 

 danuni sativum, B. & H.). Erect. Stem stout, 

 angled, furrowed, hollow. Leaves pinnate, shin- 

 ing above, downy below; leaflets 2-5 pairs, ovate, 

 cut, coarsely toothed. Flowers small, yellow. 

 No involucre. Fruit broadly oblong. Styles very 

 short. 2-3 ft. July. Herbaceous biennial. 



ORDER LABIATVE 



Hedge Woundwort (Stachys sylvatica, L.). 

 Ascending. Rootstock stoloniferous. Stem solid, 

 rather slender. Leaves stalked. Radical soon 

 withering. Cauline ovate, cordate, coarsely 

 toothed. Flowers purplish-red, in whorls of 6-12 

 flowers. Lower bracts toothed, upper lanceolate, 

 entire. Bracteoles very small. Calyx-teeth tri- 

 angular, awl-shaped, spinose. Corolla-tube longer 

 than calyx. Lower lip with white markings. 

 Anther-cells spreading. 1-3 ft. July. Herbaceous 

 perennial. 



ORDER ULMACE^E 



Ulmus glabra, Mill. ( = U. ni/ens, Moench). 

 Habit of Wych Elm. Leaves smooth, shining 

 above, with hairs only in the axils of the veins 

 below. Root sends up suckers. Leaf-stalks 

 smooth when full-grown. 60-120 ft. April. 

 Deciduous tree. 



Huntingdon Elm (Ulmus vegeta = U. scdbra 

 [montana] X U. glabra, Mill.). Lower branches 

 ascending. Twigs nearly smooth. Leaves large, 

 stalked, smooth, and shining above, acute, long- 

 pointed. Root with suckers. 



Dutch Elm (Ulmus hollandica, Mill. = Ulmus 

 glabra, Mill, x U. scabra). Lower branches 

 horizontal. Terminal leaves acute, minutely 

 downy. Branches often very corky. Root with 

 suckers. 



Northamptonshire Elm (Ulmus Plotii, Druce 

 = U. minor, Henry = U. sativa, Moss non Mill.). 

 Lower branches pendulous, somewhat one-sided. 

 Bark smooth. Leaves ovate -lanceolate, long- 

 pointed, bluntly toothed. Upper leaves smooth, 

 shining. Young branches nearly smooth. 50-110 ft. 



ORDER SALICACE/E 



Grey Poplar {Populus canescens, Sm.). Leaves 

 roundish, cordate, hoary or smooth below. Leaves 

 on the suckers angled and toothed. Stigma 

 downy. 30-90 ft. March. Deciduous tree. 



Canadian Black Poplar (Populus serotina, Hort. 

 = P. monilifera, Ait.). Leaves broadly triangular, 

 greyish-green. Trunk smooth, branches ascend- 

 ing. Leaf-buds sticky. Catkins loose. Female 

 flowers rare in this country. Tree has a peculiar 

 list, often to the east. 60-90 ft. April. De- 

 ciduous tree. 



Populus deltoidea, Marsh. Differs from last as 

 follows: Crown more regular. Female flowers 

 frequent. Leaves broadly triangular, with heart- 

 shaped base. Margin broadly scalloped, glan- 

 dular. 60-90 ft. March. 



MOUNTAINS, HILLS, AND DRY 

 PLACES 



ORDER COMPOSITE 



Taraxacum spectabile, Dahlst). Differs from 

 T. paludosum in the large, coarsely cut, 4~7-lobed 

 leaves. Grass-green, shining, blotched with dark- 

 crimson. North England, Wales, Scotland, Ire- 

 land. 



ORDER LABIATVE 



Ground -Pine (Ajuga Chameepitys, Schreb.). 

 Erect. Stems reddish-purple, branched, leafy. 

 Hairs scattered. Radical-leaves withering early, 

 stalked, ovate -lanceolate. Stem-leaves 3-nd, 

 segments linear, entire. Bracts similar, much 

 longer than flowers. Flowers yellow, in many 

 whorls of 2 each. Calyx roughly hairy, teeth 

 narrow, triangular. Lower lip of corolla red- 

 spotted. Nutlets large, oblong, deeply pitted. 

 3-6 in. May-September. Herbaceous annual. 

 Chiefly on chalk. 



