GLOSSARY OF TERMS, ETC. 187 



" Half-Hardy." A term applied to bulbs that require to be 

 planted in specially warm positions outdoors, or that require 

 to be lifted and stored during the winter and replanted in 

 spring, or that require protection in winter. Such bulbs and 

 tubers are indicated by an asterisk prefixed to the generic name 

 in the tables. 



" Hardy." This term applies to bulbs that may be grown 

 outdoors all the year round without any protection whatever. 



" Hybrid." The product of a cross between two species of 

 the same genus, as Gladiolus gandavensis, raised from the 

 interchange of pollen between Gladiolus psittacinus and G. 

 cardinalis. Narcissus Barrii, again, is a hybrid between N. 

 incomparabilis and N. poeticus. 



" jonquil." A term applied to Narcissus' odorus and jpn- 

 quilla, derived from juncus, a rush, and signifying narcissi 

 with rush-like leaves. 



" Labels." These are usually made of wood, iron, and zinc. 

 Wooden labels may be purchased ready-made, painted one side 

 with white lead. These are suitable for one season's use only. 

 The lettering will be more durable if the face be smeared 

 with fresh white lead paint at time of writing, and an indelible 

 " Wolf " pencil' be used. For permanent use the " Acme " labels 

 are best. These are made of cast iron and have the lettering 

 embossed in relief on a black ground. Zinc labels, with names 

 written thereon in indelible ink, are also very durable. Before 

 writing well rub the face of the label with emery paper. Special 

 ink for the purpose may be obtained of any sundriesman. 



" Leaf-mould." The best form of leaf-mould consists of oak 

 leaves partially or wholly decayed into a fine flaky mass. 

 Best obtained from an oak coppice. The layer just beneath 

 the last season's leaves is the most serviceable. The lower 

 layer, which has decomposed into a compact black mould, is 

 not so good, usually being sour and containing injurious fungi 

 and earth grubs Avoid decayed poplar, elm, sycamore, lime, 

 and conifer leaves. Beech leaves also make an excellent leaf- 

 mould. 



" Loam." This should consist of the upper three inches of 

 turf from an old pasture or common, and stacked grass side 

 downwards in a heap for a year before using. Between each 

 layer of turves place two inches of decayed manure, a handful 

 of bone-meal, and two ounces of "Vaporite" or "Apterite" to 

 each square yard. When required for use, chop down the face 

 of the heap. The loam should contain a fair proportion of 

 sand to render it friable. 



"Mother" Tulip. A term applied to seedling tulips until 

 they "break" or change to another colour. 



" Mulching." This means covering the surface of the soil 

 with a layer of decayed manure to (a) enrich the soil, and (b) 



