BIOLOGY 

 LIBRARY 



G 



CONTENTS 



PAGE 



I. INTRODUCTION 3 



II. PHYSICAL FEATURES 7 



Climate, Geology, Surface-modelling . . . .10 

 The Modern River-System 24 



III. PRIMARY WOODLAND AND ITS DERIVATIVES ... 28 



IV. SUBORDINATE AND HERBACEOUS FLORA .... 33 

 V. THE HAND OF MAN 46 



VI. ARTIFICIAL PLANT-FORMATIONS 53 



Woodland and Copse 53 



Hedgerows and Hedgebanks 59 



Regressive Woodland 63 



Grassland and the Evolution of Pasture . . . .65 



Roadsides 73 



Crops and Weeds of Arable Land 77 



Small Holdings and Allotments 85 



The Regression of Cultivated Land 91 



VII. ALIENS AND ADVENTIVES 93 



