436 AMERICAN ANGLER'S BOOK 



whose wings are held in an upright position when at rest, 

 and are folded so closely together as to look like one wing 

 rising from the middle of the back. When a fly of this order 

 is to be represented, two turns of your wrapping-silk should 

 be taken close up under the butt of the wings, to give them 

 an upright set. The most accomplished fly- maker I ever met 

 with (an amateur), has a way of terminating the body abruptly 

 near the head, making a shoulder against which he presses 

 the root of the wings, and secures them firmly. 



Flies without tails are of that order known as beetle-flies, 

 as the Phryganidae and similar families, which fold their 

 wings flat on their backs when at rest. Those with tails 

 belong to the Ephemeridae. 



A winged fly is sometimes made without a hackle, if pig's- 

 wool is used for dubbing, the rough coarse fibre of the dub- 

 bing being picked out under the wings, to represent the legs 

 of the fly. 



There are several different ways of tying flies ; nearly 

 every fly-maker has something peculiar in his method. Some 

 tie on the wings immediately before whipping on the gut, the 

 tips of the wings pointing forward; they are turned back 

 into their proper position, and secured with three turns of the 

 wrapping-silk after the body is completed and the hackle 

 wound on. Other fly-makers begin at the head, after the gut is 

 whipped on, and work towards the tail, where they finish off. 

 The method which I have described, and which I conceive to 

 be the easiest, is the one most generally adopted. 



I shall not prolong this chapter, which I have already 

 extended beyond the limit I first intended, by attempting to 

 describe the manner of tying Salmon -flies, but assure the 

 reader that any person who can tie Trout-flies, will find no 

 difficulty in it. It is requisite that Salmon-flies should be tied 

 with a greater regard to strength and durability. Although 



