76 LEWISES AMERICAN SPORTSMAN. 



ruent and not by ourselves. When secured, we leave him to jump 

 and pull upon the collar till he finds escape impossible, and that 

 resistance only gives him pain, then, when he submits to the in- 

 evitable and lies quietly down, we release him, and by encourage- 

 ment restore his confidence. We find it better to tie the dog than 

 to hold the cord in hand as some men do, because the restraint 

 being an entirely new experience awakens fear, and if this is asso- 

 ciated with ourselves, we are put to the trouble of overcoming it 

 before we can proceed to further instruction. The time required 

 for this lesson varies according to the character of the individual, 

 some being more difficult to conquer than others. Very few in- 

 deed are satisfied with a single experience, and most require several 

 daily repetitions ; but thoroughness in this preliminary, remote as 

 it appears to be from what is generally considered breaking, is 

 really of great importance, and is a great help to the later instruc- 

 tion. 



TO OBEY THE WHISTLE. 



As the first step in this lesson we accustom the dog to lead well 

 by the cord. This also serves to prevent lugging upon the chain 

 when he is taken about later in life, the most common and one of 

 the most disagreeable faults a dog can have. When he leads well 

 we face him, and saying " come," give him a gentle pull, and if he 

 does not obey, a sharper one, increasing the strain till he yields to 

 it, then when he approaches we pat and reward him by encourag- 

 ing words. When he minds quickly with the short cord we sub- 

 stitute a longer one, and allow him to play about, occasionally 

 calling and making him come promptly. This lesson is a very 

 important one, since, if the dog does not know he must come under 

 all circumstances, he will never be under proper control, and will 

 run away if at any time there is occasion for correcting him. If 

 thoroughly taught, the dog will come to be whipped, fearing even 

 more to disobey the call. Under no circumstances should he ever 

 be coaxed to come for punishment, as this will involve treachery 

 which he will appreciate, and so lose all confidence in his master. 



The second step is to substitute the whistle for the call, which is 



