TO PRESERVE WINGED BIRDS FROM HEMORRHAGE. 491 



vessels by a ligature, which can be very easily accomplished by 

 examining the following drawing and adopting the means to be 

 described. 



If the wound be high up, at the point e, pass a needle, armed 

 with a piece of waxed silk or thread, slightly under the skin, but 

 near to the bone just above the wound, and, drawing the two ends 

 together around the bone, tie them. The pressure thus exerted 

 by the ligature on the humerus will be quite sufficient to prevent 

 the passage of blood along the vessels that lie in close contiguity 

 with the bone. This done to our satisfaction, the bird may be set 

 at liberty, and the ligature carefully removed in the course of a 

 day or two. 



If the wound be below the second joint, as at d, pass the needle, 

 armed as before, between the two bones and close up to df, and tie 

 the large bone c, which will thus include the bleeding vessels. 



If at a, below the third joint, pass the needle, as in the prece- 

 ding case, between the bones, as near as possible to the small bone 

 b; then pass it again on the opposite side of the bone a; now bring 

 the ends together and tie them ; this being done, the artery will be 

 included in the ligature. 



TO PINION OR AMPUTATE A WING. 



If we should wish to pinion or amputate any portion of the 

 wing, either on account of a fracture or to prevent the bird from 

 escaping, it will be necessary first to put on a ligature just above 



