22 PRINCIPLES OF FEEDING FARM ANIMALS 



Table 6. — Percextages of Fat in the Different Classes of 

 Feedingstuffs ^ 



Roots 0.1 to 0.4 Leguminous hays . 1.9 to 5.2 



Silage 0.3 to 2.2 Cereal grains . . 1.7 to 5.0 



Leguminous pastures 0.4 to 1.1 Leguminous seeds 1,0 to 42.6 



Grass pastures . . 0.3 to 1.3 Cereal by-products 1.3 to 10.6 



^lilk and milk-prod- Oil by-products . 2.7 to 12.6 



ucts 0.1 to 3.7 Packinghouse b\'- 



Stovers and fodders . 1.0 to 5.0 products . . 0.3 to 13.7 



Straws 1.2 to 2.3 Oil-bearing seeds . 20.0 to 34.0 



Grass hays . . . 1.3 to 3.0 



ACCESSORY SUBSTANCES IX THE RATION 



Vitamines. — In their di.scussion of the question of the 

 vitamines in the diet, Osborne and Mendel ^ have made 

 the following statement : '' The researches which have been 

 devoted in recent years to certain diseases, notably beri 

 beri, have made it more than probable that there are condi- 

 tions of nutrition during which certain essential, but, as 

 yet unkno^\^l, substances must be suppHed in the diet if 

 nutritive disaster is to be avoided. These substances 

 apparently do not belong to the category of the ordinary 

 nutrients, and do not fulfill their physiological mission 

 because of the energy- which they supply. Funk has pro- 

 posed the name \'itamine for the type of substance thus 

 represented." But Uttle is definitely kno^^Tl of the chemical 

 composition and chemical properties of the so-called \dta- 

 mines. However, it is known that certain substances, in 

 addition to proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and mineral matter, 

 are essential to proper nutrition. The disease beri beri in 

 man is said to })e caused by a diet of ])olished rice which 



1 These values represent the upper and lower limits of the average fat con- 

 tent of the common feedingstuffs included under each class. 



2 Jour, of Biol. Chem. XVI. 1913-1914, p. 423. 



