THE DIGESTION OF THE NUTRIENTS 



35 



hjv' — ^ \} 



IJ to 2 gallons. The stomach of a horse is shown in Figure 



4. In the ruminants or cud-chewing animals, as the cow 



and sheep, the stomach is modified 



considerably and much enlarged in 



order to handle the large amount of 



roughage which these animals ordinarily 



consume. The stomach of ruminants 



consists of four divisions, as follows : 



(1) the rumen or paunch; (2) the 



reticulum or honey comb ; (3) the 



omasum or manyphes; and (4) the 



ahomasum or true stomach. In cattle 



of medium size the stomach holds 30 



to 40 gallons, in large animals, 40 to 60, 



cmd in small, 25 to 35. In mature 



cattle the rumen constitutes about 80 



per cent, the reticulum 5 per cent, the 



omasum 7 or 8 per cent, and the .J^r^f " °'^(t4;! 



abomasum 8 or 7 per cent of the total Veterinary Physioi- 



., r. ,, J.' 4. u T o^y-) P/i- pharynx; 



capacity oi the entire stomach. In T-tongue; S.G.- 

 sheep the total capacity of the stomach salivary glands; Oe - 



^ r- ^ esophagus ; c - cardiac 



is 4 to 5 gallons. The rumen or paunch region of stomach ; Py - 



, 1 • 1 c i 1 pyloric region of stom- 



IS a very large sac used mainly for the ^ch; Li - liver ; p - pan- 

 temporary storage of the partially mas- ^^^^^ = D- duodenum ; / 



- jejunum ; I - ileum ; 



ticated feed. It connects directly with v - vermiform ap- 

 the reticulum and omasum, which are ^.^^^^^;. ^a-uu^"^'^' 

 much smaller sacs. The reticulum and 



omasum besides connecting with the rumen and each other, 

 also connect directly with the esophagus. The omasum 

 has a great number of large, fleshy projections or leaves, 

 resembUng huge wrinkles upon the inside, from which it 



