104 PRINCIPLES OF FEEDING FARM ANIMALS 



the animal sweats. If the heat is generated more rapidly 

 than it can be removed by conduction, radiation, and 

 perspiration combined, the l^ody temperature rises and the 

 animal suffers from sunstroke. 



In cold weather, the animal looses heat by radiation and 

 conduction much more rapidly than in warm weather. 

 Consequently, oftentimes the heat produced in the ordinary 

 processes of the body is not sufficient to maintain the tem- 

 perature of the body and the animal must oxidize some of 

 its body tissue or a part of its ration in order to provide heat 

 to maintain the body temperature. If this does not suffice 

 to maintain the body temperature, the animal freezes to 

 death. Thus a man eats more in winter than in summer in 

 order to provide extra fuel for keeping the body warm. The 

 principle is the same as when one burns more coal in the 

 furnace on a cold day in order to keep up the temperature 

 of the house. Horses and hogs especially are susceptible 

 to cold weather, and must use a part of their ration to keep 

 them warm, unless properly protected. Cattle and sheep 

 in ordinary winter weather do not do this, as the heat gen- 

 erated in the extensive fermentations in their digestive tract 

 is sufficient usually to maintain their body temperature. 

 If the weather is damp and windy, or if they are given very 

 cold water to drink, it may be necessary even for them to 

 burn feed to keep warm. Of course, energ>^ expended in 

 this way is a loss as far as economic production is concerned, 

 and the feeder should avoid it, in so far as possible, by pro- 

 viding a comfortable shelter, by removing the chill from 

 the drinking water, and by offering water several times 

 daily in cold weather so that large amounts of cold water 

 will not be taken into the body at any one time. A shelter 



