194 



PRINCIPLES OF FEEDING FARM ANIMALS 



ings. The cleaned wheat then passes through a series of 

 rollers and on to bolting cloth which bolts out the finer 

 particles or flour. The residue, consisting of the coarser 

 particles, is divided by bolting into bran, shorts, middUngs, 

 and red dog flour. Ordinarily from 25 to 33 per cent of the 



weight of the wheat 

 remains in the form 

 of these ])y-])r()(l- 

 ucts. 



Bran consists of 

 the three outer coats 

 of the grain and 

 the rich protein or 

 aleurone layer just 

 underneath. Some- 

 times screenings are 

 mixed with the 

 bran, which de- 

 creases its feeding 

 value. Bran is 

 probably used more extensively in feeding Uvestock than 

 any other single by-product. The chemical composition 

 of wheat bran is as follov/s : water, 10.0 per cent ; ash, 

 6.2 per cent; crude protein, 16.1 per cent; crude fiber, 

 10.0 per cent ; nitrogen-free extract, 53.3 per cent ; and fat, 

 4.4 per cent. Its net energy value is 48.2 therms per 100 

 pounds. It is fairly high in protein, high in mineral matter, 

 except lime, and fair in carbohydrates and fat. In general, 

 its feeding value is much higher than its chemical analysis 

 indicates. It has the requisite bulk necessary to make it 

 feed well with such highly concentrated feeds as corn, and it 



Fig. 46. — Section of wheat kernel. (Jordan, 

 The Feeding of Animals.) 1, seed pod and seed 

 coatings ; 4, gluten layer ; 5, starch cells. 



