230 PRINCIPLES OF FEEDING FARM ANIMALS 



Whey has iibout half the feeding value for hogs as skim 

 milk. 



Cocoa shells are the hard, outside coating or bran of the 

 cocoa bean. They are dark brown in appearance and brittle 

 in texture. They contain about 15 per cent of protein and 

 about the same amount of crude fiber. In Europe they are 

 used in the rations of horses and cattle and as an adulterant 

 for oil cakes. They are just beginning to be used as a feed in 

 this country. Lindsey ^ rates them as having not more than 

 one-half the feeding value of corn meal. He states that 

 they are best suited for use in the ration of dairy cows. 

 They should be ground and 1 to 3 pounds daily should 

 be fed. 



Tin Plate By-product. — In the manufacture of tin plate 

 after the plate has been put through the tin bath it goes into 

 a bath of palm oil, then it is taken out and the excess oil 

 is removed by means of wheat middUngs, which are used over 

 and over again to absorb the oil and also to polish the plate. 

 After these middhngs have served their purpose, the slivers 

 of iron and tin are removed and the middhngs with the ab- 

 sorbed palm oil are sold as tin plate by-product. Sometimes 

 peanut meal is used in place of wheat middhngs. The feeding 

 value should be at least as great as that of ordinary wheat 

 middhngs. 



Vegetable Meal. — Recently a process has been perfected 

 by means of which garbage is dried, the oil removed, and the 

 residue ground and used for stockfeeding. In the process 

 of drying and removing the oil, the material is steriHzed 

 by heat. Inasmuch as no experiments have yet been re- 

 ported upon this material we are unable to feay anything 

 1 Mass. Agr. Exp, Sta. Bui. 158. 



