24 A MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 



Genus 9. HEMOPHILUS. Minute rods. Strict parasites. Gram- 

 negative. (B. influenzce.) 



Family VI. BACILLACEAE. Rods producing endospores, usually 

 Gram -positive. 



Genus 1. BACILLUS. Aerobic forms, mostly saprophytic. 

 Liquefy gelatin. (B. subtilis.) 



Genus 2. CLOSTRIDIUM. Anaerobes, often parasitic. Rods 

 frequently enlarged at sporulation, producing clostridial 

 forms. (Clostridium butyricum.) 



F. ORDER SPIROCHAETALES (BUCHANAN). 



Protozoan-like. Cells usually slender, flexuous spirals. Multi- 

 plication by longitudinal, or by transverse division, or by both. 

 (Spirochaetes, etc.) 



In the following pages the nomenclature of the principal species 

 in accordance with the foregoing system is given in square brackets. 



The nomenclature of bacterial species is at present in a chaotic 

 condition. In botanical and zoological nomenclature every 

 species has a binomial name, the first being the generic, the second 

 the specific name. Many bacterial species have received trinomial 

 or multinomial names, which should be inadmissible. The specific 

 name first given to an organism must stand unless it has been used 

 for some other species. 



Conditions of Life of Bacteria 



Bacteria, being living organisms, must be supplied with 

 suitable nutritive substances in order that their life- 

 processes nutrition, reproduction, and the like may be 

 carried on. Being devoid of chlorophyll they are mainly 

 dependent upon complex organic compounds for the 

 carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen which enter into their 

 composition, these elements being derived for the most 

 part from proteins and carbohydrates. Some bacteria, 

 however, are able to obtain the requisite nitrogen from 

 such comparatively simple compounds as ammonia, 

 ammonium carbonate, or nitrates, and one group can 



